IEC 60567:2023 deals with the techniques for sampling free gases from gas-collecting relays from power transformers. Three methods of sampling free gases are described. The techniques for sampling oil from oil-filled equipment such as power and instrument transformers, reactors, bushings, oil-filled cables and oil-filled tank-type capacitors are no longer covered by this document, but are instead described in IEC 60475:2022, 4.2. Before analysing the gases dissolved in oil, they are first extracted from the oil. Three basic methods are described, one using extraction by vacuum (Toepler and partial degassing), another by displacement of the dissolved gases by bubbling the carrier gas through the oil sample (stripping) and the last one by partition of gases between the oil sample and a small volume of the carrier gas (headspace). The gases are analysed quantitatively after extraction by gas chromatography; a method of analysis is described. Free gases from gas-collecting relays are analysed without preliminary treatment.<\/p>\n
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| 2<\/td>\n | undefined <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 5<\/td>\n | Annex ZA (normative)Normative references to international publicationswith their corresponding European publications <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 6<\/td>\n | English CONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 9<\/td>\n | FOREWORD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 11<\/td>\n | INTRODUCTION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 13<\/td>\n | 1 Scope 2 Normative references <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 14<\/td>\n | 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviated terms 3.1 Terms and definitions 3.2 Symbols and abbreviated terms 3.2.1 Symbols 3.2.2 Abbreviated terms <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 15<\/td>\n | 4 Sampling of gases from gas-collecting relays 4.1 General remarks 4.2 Sampling of free gases by syringe 4.2.1 Sampling equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 16<\/td>\n | 4.2.2 Sampling procedure Figures Figure 1 \u2013 Sampling of gas by syringe <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 17<\/td>\n | 4.3 Sampling of free gases by displacement of oil 4.4 Sampling of free gases by vacuum Figure 2 \u2013 Sampling of free gases by oil displacement <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 18<\/td>\n | Figure 3 \u2013 Sampling of free gases by vacuum <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 19<\/td>\n | 4.5 Sampling of oil from oil filled equipment 5 Labelling of gas samples 6 Sampling, labelling and transferring of oil from oil-filled equipment 6.1 Sampling and labelling of oil 6.2 Transfer of oil for DGA analysis 6.2.1 General 6.2.2 Transfer from oil syringes Tables Table 1 \u2013 Information required for gas samples <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 20<\/td>\n | 6.2.3 Transfer from ampoules 6.2.4 Transfer from flexible metal bottles 6.2.5 Transfer from glass and rigid metal bottles 7 Preparation of gas-in-oil standards 7.1 General remarks 7.2 First method: preparation of a large volume of gas-in-oil standard 7.2.1 Equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 21<\/td>\n | 7.2.2 Procedure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 22<\/td>\n | Figure 4 \u2013 First method of preparing gas-in-oil standards <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 23<\/td>\n | 7.2.3 Calculation 7.3 Second method: preparation of gas-in-oil standards in a syringe or a vial 7.3.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 24<\/td>\n | Figure 5 \u2013 Second method for preparing gas-in-oil standards <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 25<\/td>\n | 7.3.2 Equipment 7.3.3 Procedure 8 Extraction of gases from oil 8.1 General remarks <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 26<\/td>\n | 8.2 Multi-cycle vacuum extraction using Toepler pump apparatus 8.2.1 General 8.2.2 Toepler pump extraction apparatus <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 28<\/td>\n | Figure 6 \u2013 Example of a Toepler pump extraction apparatus <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 29<\/td>\n | 8.2.3 Extraction procedure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 30<\/td>\n | 8.3 Vacuum extraction by partial degassing method 8.3.1 General remarks 8.3.2 Partial degassing apparatus <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 31<\/td>\n | 8.3.3 Extraction procedure 8.4 Stripping extraction method 8.4.1 General 8.4.2 Stripping apparatus <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 32<\/td>\n | Figure 7 \u2013 Types of glass strippers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 33<\/td>\n | Figure 8 \u2013 Stainless steel stripper <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 34<\/td>\n | 8.4.3 Outline of procedure Figure 9 \u2013 Schematic arrangement for connecting an oil stripper to a gas chromatograph <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 35<\/td>\n | 8.5 Headspace method 8.5.1 Principle of the method Figure 10 \u2013 Schematic representation of headspace sampler <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 36<\/td>\n | 8.5.2 Headspace extraction apparatus <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 37<\/td>\n | Figure 11 \u2013 Vial filled with water <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 39<\/td>\n | Figure 12 \u2013 Revolving table <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 40<\/td>\n | 8.5.3 Headspace extraction procedure Table 2 \u2013 Examples of headspace operating conditions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 44<\/td>\n | 8.5.4 Calibration of the headspace extractor <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 46<\/td>\n | 9 Gas analysis by gas-solid chromatography 9.1 General remarks Table 3 \u2013 Examples of headspace partition coefficients at 70 \u00b0C in mineral insulating oil <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 47<\/td>\n | Table 4 \u2013 Examples of gas chromatographic operating conditions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 48<\/td>\n | 9.2 Outline of suitable methods using Table 4 9.3 Apparatus 9.3.1 Gas chromatograph <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 49<\/td>\n | Figure 13 \u2013 Schematic arrangement for gas chromatography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 50<\/td>\n | 9.3.2 Columns 9.3.3 Carrier gas 9.3.4 Detectors 9.3.5 Methanator 9.3.6 Cold trap 9.3.7 Integrator and recorder <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 51<\/td>\n | 9.4 Preparation of apparatus 9.5 Analysis 9.6 Calibration of the chromatograph <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 52<\/td>\n | 9.7 Calculations 10 Quality control 10.1 Verification of the entire analytical system <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 53<\/td>\n | 10.2 Limits of detection and quantification Table 5 \u2013 Required limits of detection in oil <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 54<\/td>\n | 10.3 Repeatability, reproducibility and accuracy 10.3.1 General remark 10.3.2 Repeatability 10.3.3 Reproducibility <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 55<\/td>\n | 10.3.4 Accuracy 11 Report of results Table 6 \u2013 Examples of accuracy of extraction methods <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 57<\/td>\n | Annexes Annex A (informative) Correction for incomplete gas extraction in partial degassing method by calculation Table A.1 \u2013 Examples of solubility coefficients ai (at 25 \u00b0C) reported by CIGRE TF D1.01.15 in 2006 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 58<\/td>\n | Annex B (informative) Alternative gas extraction methods B.1 Mercury-free versions of the vacuum extraction methods B.1.1 Mercury-free version of the Toepler method B.1.2 Mercury-free version of the partial degassing method B.2 Syringe versions of the headspace method B.2.1 Shake test method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 59<\/td>\n | Figure B.1 \u2013 Schematic representation of mercury-free Toepler method Figure B.2 \u2013 Schematic representation of mercury-free partial degassing method Figure B.3 \u2013 Schematic representation of shake test method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 60<\/td>\n | B.2.2 Mechanical oscillation method Figure B.4 \u2013 Schematic representations of mechanical oscillation method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 61<\/td>\n | Annex C (informative) Preparation of air-saturated standards Table C.1 \u2013 Examples of solubility values of air for different oil types Table C.2 \u2013 Examples of temperature variations for oxygen and nitrogen solubility in mineral oil <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 62<\/td>\n | Annex D (informative) Correction for gas bubbles in syringes and air gap in rigid bottles <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 63<\/td>\n | Annex E (informative) Procedure for comparing gas monitor readings to laboratory results <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 64<\/td>\n | Annex F (normative) Insulating liquids based on synthetic and natural esters and silicones <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 66<\/td>\n | Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Oil-filled electrical equipment. Sampling of free gases and analysis of free and dissolved gases in mineral oils and other insulating liquids. Guidance<\/b><\/p>\n |