This document specifies methods for sample preparation to ensure representativeness of the samples throughout the preparation procedures to produce general analysis samples. Suitable test portions can be taken from the laboratory or general analysis samples and used for analysis according to the specific requirements defined in the corresponding analytical procedures. This document specifies the correct sample preparation sequence to be applied to: a) the composite sample, in order to produce a laboratory sample (taking into account large pieces of solid recovered fuel); b) each sub-sampling step throughout the testing programme; c) the laboratory sample, in order to obtain suitable test portions; d) ensure the representativeness of the test portions that have been taken according to the sample preparation plan, prior to physical analysis, chemical analysis or both (e.g. extractions, digestion, analytical determinations). The methods specified in this document can be used for sample preparation, for example, when the samples are to be tested for bulk density, biomass content determination, mechanical durability, particle size distribution, moisture content, ash content, ash melting behaviour, calorific value, chemical composition, impurities and self-heating properties. The methods are not intended to be applied to the very large samples required for the testing of bridging properties.<\/p>\n
| PDF Pages<\/th>\n | PDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2<\/td>\n | National foreword <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 4<\/td>\n | European foreword <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 7<\/td>\n | Foreword <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 8<\/td>\n | Introduction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 11<\/td>\n | 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Terms and definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 14<\/td>\n | 4 Symbols 5 Safety remarks 6 Principles of correct sample preparation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 16<\/td>\n | 7 Quality control and sources of error <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 17<\/td>\n | 8 Apparatus 8.1 Selection of equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 18<\/td>\n | 8.2 Apparatus for sample division 8.2.1 Scoops and shovels (sampling tools) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 19<\/td>\n | 8.2.2 Riffle boxes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 20<\/td>\n | 8.2.3 Rotary sample dividers 8.3 Apparatus for particle size reduction 8.3.1 Shredder 8.3.2 Coarse cutting mill <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 21<\/td>\n | 8.3.3 Cutting mill 8.4 Sieves 8.5 Balance 9 Sample preparation procedure 9.1 General 9.2 Step 1: Collecting the relevant information of the material for sample preparation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 22<\/td>\n | 9.3 Step 2: Making a sample preparation plan 9.3.1 General 9.3.2 Sample division 9.3.3 Particle size reduction of a sample <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 24<\/td>\n | 9.3.4 Retaining the minimum (sub-)sample mass <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 25<\/td>\n | 9.4 Step 3: Performing the sample preparation plan 10 Methods for homogenization and sample division 10.1 General 10.2 Homogenization 10.3 Sample division methods 10.3.1 General 10.3.2 Riffling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 26<\/td>\n | 10.3.3 Strip division <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 27<\/td>\n | 10.3.4 Long strip 10.3.5 Manual increment division <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 28<\/td>\n | 10.3.6 Rotary sample divider 10.3.7 Fractional shovelling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 29<\/td>\n | 10.3.8 Quartering <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 30<\/td>\n | 11 Methods for mass and particle size reduction of laboratory samples and general analysis samples 11.1 General 11.2 Initial sample division 11.3 Initial mass determination 11.4 Pre-drying <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 31<\/td>\n | 11.5 Particle size reduction to < 30 mm <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 32<\/td>\n | 11.6 Sample division of < 30 mm material 11.7 Particle size reduction of < 30 mm material to < 1 mm <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 33<\/td>\n | 11.8 Sample division of < 1 mm material 11.9 Particle size reduction of < 1 mm material to < 0,25 mm <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 34<\/td>\n | 12 Handling considerations of the general analysis sample and the test portion 12.1 Key concepts <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 35<\/td>\n | 12.2 Sequence of preparation procedures 13 Storage, preservation and labelling of samples 14 Sample preparation report <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 36<\/td>\n | 15 Precision <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 37<\/td>\n | Annex A (normative) Determination of the shape factor <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 38<\/td>\n | Annex B (normative) Determination of the changing shape factor <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 40<\/td>\n | Annex C (informative) Examples of sample preparation procedures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 44<\/td>\n | Annex D (normative) Guidelines for choosing sample preparation procedures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 53<\/td>\n | Annex E (informative) Relationship between minimum amount of sample and particle size \u2013 Formula for the estimation of the minimum amount of sample <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 56<\/td>\n | Annex F (normative) Sample preparation equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 57<\/td>\n | Annex G (normative) Characteristics of the laboratory sample for chemical analysis of solid recovered fuel <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 59<\/td>\n | Annex H (informative) Data on the precision of sample preparation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 62<\/td>\n | Annex I (informative) Results of ruggedness testing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 70<\/td>\n | Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Solid recovered fuels. Sample preparation<\/b><\/p>\n |