CISPR 16-1-1: 2019 specifies the characteristics and performance of equipment for the measurement of radio disturbance in the frequency range 9 kHz to 18 GHz. In addition, requirements are provided for specialized equipment for discontinuous disturbance measurements. NOTE In accordance with IEC Guide 107, CISPR 16-1-1 is a basic electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) standard for use by product committees of the IEC. As stated in Guide 107, product committees are responsible for determining the applicability of a basic EMC standard. CISPR and its subcommittee are prepared to co-operate with product committees in the evaluation of the value of particular EMC tests for specific products. The specifications in this document apply to electromagnetic interference (EMI) receivers and spectrum analyzers. The term \u201cmeasuring receiver\u201d used in this document refers to both EMI receivers and spectrum analyzers (see also 3.7). The calibration requirements for measuring receivers are detailed in Annex J. Further guidance on the use of spectrum analyzers can be found in Annex B of any one of the following documents: CISPR 16-2-1:2014, CISPR 16-2-2:2010, or CISPR 16-2-3: 2016.This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition published in 2015. This edition constitutes a technical revision. Refer to the Foreword of the document for a complete listing of the technical changes from the previous edition. Keywords: measurement of radio disturbance in the frequency range 9 kHz to 18 GHz<\/p>\n
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| 2<\/td>\n | National foreword <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 5<\/td>\n | Annex ZA(normative)Normative references to international publicationswith their corresponding European publications <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 7<\/td>\n | English CONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 12<\/td>\n | FOREWORD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 15<\/td>\n | INTRODUCTION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 16<\/td>\n | 1 Scope 2 Normative references <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 17<\/td>\n | 3 Terms and definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 21<\/td>\n | 4 Fundamental characteristics of a measuring receiver 4.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 22<\/td>\n | 4.2 Input impedance 4.3 Sine-wave voltage tolerance 4.4 Overall pass-band selectivity Tables Table 1 \u2013 VSWR requirements for receiver input impedance Table 2 \u2013 Combined selectivity of CISPR measuring receiverand high-pass filter <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 23<\/td>\n | Figures Figure 1 \u2013 Limits of overall selectivity \u2013 Pass-band (Band A) Figure 2 \u2013 Limits of overall selectivity \u2013 Pass-band (Band B) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 24<\/td>\n | 4.5 Bandwidth Figure 3 \u2013 Limits of overall selectivity \u2013 Pass-band (Bands C and D) Figure 4 \u2013 Limits for the overall selectivity \u2013 Pass-band (Band E) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 25<\/td>\n | 4.6 Frequency tuning tolerance 4.7 Intermediate frequency rejection ratio 4.8 Image frequency rejection ratio 4.9 Other spurious responses Table 3 \u2013 Bandwidth requirements for measuring receivers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 26<\/td>\n | 4.10 Limitation of intermodulation effects Table 4 \u2013 Bandwidth characteristics for intermodulation testof quasi-peak measuring receivers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 27<\/td>\n | 4.11 Limitations of receiver noise and internally-generated spurious signals 4.11.1 Random noise 4.11.2 Continuous wave 4.12 Limitation of radio-frequency emissions from the measuring receiver 4.12.1 Conducted emissions 4.12.2 Radiated emissions Figure 5 \u2013 Arrangement for testing intermodulation effects <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 28<\/td>\n | 4.13 Facilities for connection to a discontinuous disturbance analyzer 5 Quasi-peak measuring receivers for the frequency range 9\u00a0kHz to 1\u00a0000\u00a0MHz 5.1 General 5.2 Response to pulses 5.2.1 Amplitude relationship (absolute calibration) 5.2.2 Variation with repetition frequency (relative calibration) Table 5 \u2013 Test pulse characteristics for quasi-peakmeasuring receivers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 29<\/td>\n | Figure 6 \u2013 Pulse response curve (Band A) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 30<\/td>\n | Figure 7 \u2013 Pulse response curve (Band B) Figure 8 \u2013 Pulse response curve (Bands C and D) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 31<\/td>\n | Figure 9 \u2013 Theoretical pulse response curve of quasi-peak detector receivers and average detector receiver <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 32<\/td>\n | 6 Measuring receivers with peak detector for the frequency range 9\u00a0kHz to 18\u00a0GHz 6.1 General 6.2 Charge and discharge time constants ratio Table 6 \u2013 Pulse response of quasi-peak measuring receivers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 33<\/td>\n | 6.3 Overload factor 6.4 Response to pulses 7 Measuring receivers with average detector for the frequency range 9\u00a0kHz to 18\u00a0GHz 7.1 General Table 7 \u2013 Relative pulse response of peak and quasi-peak measuring receivers for the same bandwidth (frequency range 9 kHz to 1 000 MHz) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 34<\/td>\n | 7.2 Overload factor 7.3 Response to pulses 7.3.1 Amplitude relationship <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 35<\/td>\n | 7.3.2 Variation with repetition frequency 7.3.3 Response to intermittent, unsteady and drifting narrowband disturbances Table 8 \u2013 Specification of pulse-modulated carrier (e.m.f.) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 36<\/td>\n | Figure 10 \u2013 Block diagram of an average detector Figure 11 \u2013 Screenshot showing the response of the meter-simulating network to an intermittent narrowband signal Table 9 \u2013 Maximum reading of average measuring receivers for a pulse-modulated sine-wave input in comparison with the response to a continuous sine-wave having the same amplitude <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 37<\/td>\n | 8 Measuring receivers with RMS-average detector for the frequency range 9\u00a0kHz to 18\u00a0GHz 8.1 General 8.2 Overload factor 8.3 Response to pulses 8.3.1 Construction details Table 10 \u2013 Minimum pulse repetition rate without overload <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 38<\/td>\n | 8.3.2 Amplitude relationship 8.3.3 Variation with repetition frequency Table 11 \u2013 Specification of pulse-modulated carrier (e.m.f.) fortesting RMS-average detectors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 39<\/td>\n | 8.3.4 Response to intermittent, unsteady and drifting narrowband disturbances 9 Measuring receivers for the frequency range 1\u00a0GHz to 18\u00a0GHz with amplitude probability distribution (APD) measuring function Table 12 \u2013 Pulse response of the RMS-average measuring receiver Table 13 \u2013 Maximum reading of RMS-average measuring receivers for apulse-modulated sine-wave input in comparison with the response toa continuous sine-wave having the same amplitude <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 40<\/td>\n | 10 Discontinuous disturbance analyzers 10.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 41<\/td>\n | 10.2 Fundamental characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 43<\/td>\n | Figure 12 \u2013 Example of a disturbance analyzer <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 44<\/td>\n | Figure 13 \u2013 Graphical presentation of test signals used in the test of the analyzer for the performance checks against the definition of a click according to Table 14 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 45<\/td>\n | Table 14 \u2013 Disturbance analyzer performance test \u2013 Test signals used for the check against the definition of a click (1 of 4) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 48<\/td>\n | 10.3 Test method for the validation of the performance check for the click analyzer 10.3.1 Basic requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 49<\/td>\n | 10.3.2 Additional requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 50<\/td>\n | Annexes Annex A (normative) Determination of response to repeated pulses of quasi-peak and RMS-average measuring receivers(see 3.6, 5.2.2, 8.2 and 8.3) A.1 General A.2 Response of the pre-detector stages <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 52<\/td>\n | A.3 Response of the quasi-peak detector to the output of preceding stages A.3.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 53<\/td>\n | A.3.2 Response of the indicating instrument to the signal from the detector <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 54<\/td>\n | A.4 Response of the RMS detector to the output voltage of preceding stages A.4.1 Output voltage and amplitude relationship <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 55<\/td>\n | A.4.2 Calculation of overload factor A.5 Relationship between the indication of the RMS meter and the quasi-peak meter <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 57<\/td>\n | Annex B (normative) Determination of pulse generator spectrum (See 5.2, 6.4, 7.2, 8.3) B.1 Pulse generator B.1.1 General B.1.2 The spectrum of the generated pulses B.2 General method of measurement <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 59<\/td>\n | Annex C (normative) Accurate measurements of the output of nanosecond pulse generators (see 5.2, 6.4, 7.2, 8.3) C.1 Measurement of impulse area (Aimp) C.1.1 General C.1.2 Area method C.1.3 Standard transmission line method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 60<\/td>\n | C.1.4 Harmonic measurement C.1.5 Energy method C.2 Pulse generator spectrum <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 61<\/td>\n | Annex D (normative) Influence of the quasi-peak measuring receiver characteristics on its pulse response(see 5.2.2) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 62<\/td>\n | Annex E (normative) Response of average and peak measuring receivers(see 4.5) E.1 Response of pre-detector stages E.2 Overload factor <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 63<\/td>\n | E.3 Relationship between the indication of an average and a quasi-peakmeasuring receiver Figure E.1 \u2013 Correction factor for estimating the ratio Bimp\/B6 for other tuned circuits <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 64<\/td>\n | E.4 Peak measuring receivers E.5 Relationship between indication of a peak and a quasi-peakmeasuring receiver <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 65<\/td>\n | E.6 Test of measuring receiver response above 1\u00a0GHz to pulses Figure E.2 \u2013 Pulse rectification coefficient P Table E.1 \u2013 Bimp and Aimp values for a peak measuring receiver <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 66<\/td>\n | Figure E.3 \u2013 Example (spectrum screenshot) of apulse-modulated signal with a pulse width of 200 ns Table E.2 \u2013 Carrier level for pulse-modulated signal of 1,4 nVs <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 67<\/td>\n | E.7 Measurement of the impulse bandwidth of a measuring receiver E.7.1 General E.7.2 Method 1: Measurement by comparison of the responses of Bimp to two pulses with identical amplitude and width with low and high pulse repetition frequencies (PRF) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 68<\/td>\n | Figure E.4 \u2013 Pulse-modulated RF signal applied to a measuring receiver Figure E.5 \u2013 Filtering with a Bimp much smaller than the PRF Figure E.6 \u2013 Filtering with a Bimp much wider than the PRF <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 69<\/td>\n | E.7.3 Method 2: Measurement by comparison of the response of Bimp to an impulsive signal with the response of a narrow bandwidth to the same signal E.7.4 Method 3: Integration of the normalized linear selectivity function Figure E.7 \u2013 Calculation of the impulse bandwidth <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 70<\/td>\n | Figure E.8 \u2013 Example of a normalized linear selectivity function <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 71<\/td>\n | Annex F (normative) Performance check of the exceptions from the definitions of a click according to 5.4.3 of CISPR 14\u20131:2016 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 72<\/td>\n | Table F.1 \u2013 Disturbance analyzer test signals a (1 of 5) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 77<\/td>\n | Figure F.1 \u2013 Graphical presentation of the test signals used for the performance checks of the analyzer with the additional requirements according to Table F.1 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 78<\/td>\n | Annex G (informative) Rationale for the specifications of the APD measuring function <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 79<\/td>\n | Figure G.1 \u2013 Block diagram of APD measurement circuit without A\/D converter Figure G.2 \u2013 Block diagram of APD measurement circuit with A\/D converter <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 80<\/td>\n | Figure G.3 \u2013 Example of display of APD measurement results versus equipment-under-test (EUT) state <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 81<\/td>\n | Annex H (informative) Characteristics of a quasi-peak measuring receiver Table H.1 \u2013 Characteristics of quasi-peak measuring receivers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 82<\/td>\n | Annex I (informative) Example of EMI receiver and swept spectrum analyzer architecture Figure I.1 \u2013 Example of block diagram of an EMI receiver consisting of a swept spectrum analyzer with added preselector, preamplifier and quasi-peak\/average detector <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 84<\/td>\n | Annex J (normative) Requirements when using an external preamplifier with a measuring receiver J.1 General J.2 Considerations for optimum emission measurement system design <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 86<\/td>\n | Figure J.1 \u2013 Receiver with preamplifier <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 87<\/td>\n | J.3 Linearity specifications and precautions in measurement Table J.1 \u2013 Examples of preamplifier and measuringreceiver data and resulting system noise figures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 88<\/td>\n | Figure J.2 \u2013 Example of the transfer function of an amplifier Figure J.3 \u2013 Response of the amplifier of Figure J.2 for a sinusoidal signal Figure J.4 \u2013 Response of the amplifier of Figure J.2 for an impulse <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 89<\/td>\n | Figure J.5 \u2013 Deviation from linear gain for an unmodulated sine-wave (example) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 90<\/td>\n | Figure J.6 \u2013 Deviation from linear gain for a broadband impulsive signal as measured with the quasi-peak detector (example) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 91<\/td>\n | Figure J.7 \u2013 Screenshot of a band-stop filter test for a preamplifier at around 818 MHz Figure J.8 \u2013 Band-stop filter test result with the measuring receiver at 818 MHz <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 92<\/td>\n | Figure J.9 \u2013 Band-stop filter test results for the same 10\u00a0dB preamplifier but a different receiver with preselection (black) and without preselection (blue) Figure J.10 \u2013 Band-stop filter test results for the same 10\u00a0dB preamplifier but with the receiver of Figure J.9 with preselection (black) and without preselection (green) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 93<\/td>\n | Figure J.11 \u2013 Weighting functions of the various CISPR detectors with a noise curve to illustrate the remaining operating ranges for broadband impulsive signals (example) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 94<\/td>\n | J.4 Detecting the overload of an external preamplifier in a wideband FFT-based measuring system <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 95<\/td>\n | Annex K (normative) Calibration requirements for measuring receivers K.1 General K.2 Calibration and verification K.3 Calibration and verification specifics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 96<\/td>\n | K.4 Measuring receiver specifics K.4.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 97<\/td>\n | K.4.2 Demonstration of compliance with CISPR 16-1-1 K.5 Partial calibration of measuring receivers Table K.1 \u2013 Verification parameter summary <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 98<\/td>\n | K.6 Determination of compliance of a measuring receiver with applicable specifications Figure K.1 \u2013 Compliance determination process with application of measurement uncertainty <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 99<\/td>\n | Annex L (normative) Verification of the RF pulse amplitude (See 7.3.1, 8.3.2) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 100<\/td>\n | Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods – Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus. Measuring apparatus<\/b><\/p>\n |