{"id":121603,"date":"2024-10-19T04:28:54","date_gmt":"2024-10-19T04:28:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/2006-ashrae-handbook-refrigeration-toc\/"},"modified":"2024-10-24T22:56:17","modified_gmt":"2024-10-24T22:56:17","slug":"2006-ashrae-handbook-refrigeration-toc","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/ashrae\/2006-ashrae-handbook-refrigeration-toc\/","title":{"rendered":"2006 ASHRAE Handbook Refrigeration TOC"},"content":{"rendered":"

PDF Catalog<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
PDF Pages<\/th>\nPDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
1<\/td>\nR06_CH01_I-P
Terminology
Advantages and Disadvantages
Overfeed System Operation
Mechanical Pump <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/td>\nGas Pump
Refrigerant Distribution <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\nOil in System
Circulating Rate <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/td>\nPump Selection and Installation
Types of Pumps <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>\nInstalling and Connecting Mechanical Pumps
Controls
Evaporator Design
Considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6<\/td>\nTop Feed Versus Bottom Feed
Refrigerant Charge
Start-Up and Operation
Operating Costs and Efficiency
Line Sizing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/td>\nLow-Pressure Receiver Sizing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8<\/td>\nReferences <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10<\/td>\nR06_CH02_I-P
Piping Basic Principles
Refrigerant Flow
Refrigerant Line Velocities
Refrigerant Flow Rates <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
11<\/td>\nRefrigerant Line Sizing
Pressure Drop Considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
14<\/td>\nLocation and Arrangement of Piping
Protection Against Damage to Piping
Piping Insulation
Vibration and Noise in Piping <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
19<\/td>\nRefrigerant Line Capacity Tables
Equivalent Lengths of Valves and Fittings
Oil Management in Refrigerant Lines <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
28<\/td>\nDischarge (Hot-Gas) Lines <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
30<\/td>\nDefrost Gas Supply Lines
Receivers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
32<\/td>\nAir-Cooled Condensers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
33<\/td>\nPiping at Multiple Compressors
Suction Piping <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
34<\/td>\nDischarge Piping
Interconnection of Crankcases
Piping at Various System Components
Flooded Fluid Coolers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
35<\/td>\nRefrigerant Feed Devices
Direct-Expansion Fluid Chillers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
36<\/td>\nDirect-Expansion Air Coils <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
37<\/td>\nFlooded Evaporators
Refrigeration Accessories
Liquid-Suction Heat Exchangers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
38<\/td>\nTwo-Stage Subcoolers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
39<\/td>\nDischarge Line Oil Separators
Surge Drums or Accumulators <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40<\/td>\nCompressor Floodback Protection
Refrigerant Driers and Moisture Indicators
Strainers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
41<\/td>\nLiquid Indicators
Oil Receivers
Purge Units
Head Pressure Control for Refrigerant Condensers
Water-Cooled Condensers
Condenser-Water-Regulating Valves
Water Bypass
Evaporative Condensers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
42<\/td>\nAir-Cooled Condensers
Keeping Liquid from Crankcase During Off Cycles
Automatic Pumpdown Control (Direct-Expansion Air-Cooling Systems) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
43<\/td>\nCrankcase Oil Heater (Direct-Expansion Systems)
Control for Direct-Expansion Water Chillers
Effect of Short Operating Cycle
Hot-Gas Bypass Arrangements
Full (100%) Unloading for Starting
Full (100%) Unloading for Capacity Control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
44<\/td>\nSafety Requirements
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
45<\/td>\nR06_Ch03_I-P
Ammonia
Ammonia Refrigerant for HVAC Systems
System Selection
Single-Stage Systems
Economized Systems
Multistage Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
46<\/td>\nEquipment
Compressors
Condensers
Evaporators <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
47<\/td>\nVessels <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
50<\/td>\nLubricant Management
Controls
Liquid Feed Control
Controlling Load During Pulldown <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
51<\/td>\nOperation at Varying Loads and Temperatures
Electronic Control
Piping
Recommended Material
Fittings
Pipe Joints <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
52<\/td>\nPipe Location
Pipe Sizing
Valves <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
54<\/td>\nIsolated Line Sections
Insulation and Vapor Retarders
Reciprocating Compressors
Piping <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
55<\/td>\nCooling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
56<\/td>\nRotary Vane, Low-Stage Compressors
Piping
Cooling
Screw Compressors
Piping
Lubricant Cooling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
58<\/td>\nCondenser and Receiver Piping <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
59<\/td>\nHorizontal Shell-and-Tube Condenser and Through-Type Receiver
Parallel Horizontal Shell-and-Tube Condensers
Evaporative Condensers
Location <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
60<\/td>\nInstallation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
62<\/td>\nEvaporator Piping <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
63<\/td>\nUnit Cooler-Flooded Operation
High-Side Float Control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
64<\/td>\nLow-Side Float Control
Multistage Systems
Two-Stage Screw Compressor System <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
65<\/td>\nConverting Single-Stage into Two-Stage Systems
Liquid Recirculation Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
66<\/td>\nHot-Gas Defrost <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
68<\/td>\nDouble Riser Designs for Large Evaporator Coils <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
69<\/td>\nSafety Considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
70<\/td>\nCarbon Dioxide <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
71<\/td>\nReferences
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
72<\/td>\nR06_CH04_I-P
Coolant Selection
Load Versus Flow Rate
Pumping Cost
Performance Comparisons <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
73<\/td>\nOther Considerations
Design Considerations
Piping and Control Valves
Storage Tanks <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
74<\/td>\nExpansion Tanks <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
75<\/td>\nPulldown Time <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
76<\/td>\nSystem Costs
Corrosion Prevention
Applications <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
77<\/td>\nReferences <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
78<\/td>\nR06_CH05_I-P
Refrigerants
Environmental Acceptability
Compositional Groups <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
81<\/td>\nRefrigerant Analysis
Flammability and Combustibility
Chemical Reactions
Halocarbons <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
82<\/td>\nAmmonia
Lubricants <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
83<\/td>\nLubricant Additives <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
84<\/td>\nSystem Reactions
Copper Plating <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
85<\/td>\nContaminant Generation by High Temperature
Compatibility of Materials
Electrical Insulation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
87<\/td>\nElastomers
Plastics
Chemical Evaluation Techniques
Sealed-Tube Material Tests
Component Tests
System Tests <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
88<\/td>\nRefrigerant Database and ARTI\/MCLR Research Projects
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
91<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
92<\/td>\nR06_CH06_I-P
Moisture
Sources of Moisture
Effects of Moisture <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
93<\/td>\nDrying Methods <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
94<\/td>\nMoisture Indicators
Moisture Measurement
Desiccants <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
96<\/td>\nDesiccant Applications <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
97<\/td>\nDriers
Drier Selection
Testing and Rating
Other Contaminants
Metallic Contaminants and Dirt <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
98<\/td>\nOrganic Contaminants: Sludge, Wax, and Tars
Residual Cleaning Agents
Noncondensable Gases <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
99<\/td>\nMotor Burnouts
Field Assembly
System Cleanup Procedure After Hermetic Motor Burnout
Procedure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
100<\/td>\nSpecial System Characteristics and Procedures
Contaminant Control During Retrofit <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
101<\/td>\nChiller Decontamination
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
102<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
103<\/td>\nR06_CH07_I-P
Tests for Boundary and Mixed Lubrication <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
104<\/td>\nRefrigeration Lubricant Requirements
Mineral Oil Composition and Component Characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
105<\/td>\nComponent Characteristics
Synthetic Lubricants <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
106<\/td>\nLubricant Additives <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
107<\/td>\nLubricant Properties
Viscosity and Viscosity Grades
Viscosity Index <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
108<\/td>\nDensity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
109<\/td>\nRelative Molecular Mass
Pour Point
Volatility: Flash and Fire Points
Vapor Pressure
Aniline Point
Solubility of Refrigerants in Oils <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
110<\/td>\nLubricant\/Refrigerant Solutions
Density <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
111<\/td>\nThermodynamics and Transport Phenomena
Pressure\/Temperature\/Solubility Relations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
113<\/td>\nMutual Solubility <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
114<\/td>\nEffects of Partial Miscibility in Refrigerant Systems
Solubility Curves and Miscibility Diagrams <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
115<\/td>\nEffect of Lubricant Type on Solubility and Miscibility
Miscibility of R-22 with Lubricants
Solubilities and Viscosities of Lubricant\/Refrigerant Solutions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
120<\/td>\nLubricant Return from Evaporators <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
122<\/td>\nWax Separation (Floc Tests) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
123<\/td>\nSolubility of Hydrocarbon Gases <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
124<\/td>\nLubricants for Carbon Dioxide <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
128<\/td>\nSolubility of Water in Lubricants
Solubility of Air in Lubricants
Foaming and Antifoam Agents
Oxidation Resistance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
129<\/td>\nChemical Stability
Effect of Lubricant Type
Conversion from CFC Refrigerants to Other Refrigerants
Choice of Refrigerant Lubricants
Flushing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
130<\/td>\nReferences <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
132<\/td>\nR06_Ch08_I-P
Emissions Types
Design
Installation
Servicing and Decommissioning <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
133<\/td>\nTraining
Leak Detection
Global Detection
Local Detection
Automated Performance Monitoring Systems
Recovery, Recycling, and Reclamation
Installation and Service Practices
Contaminants <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
134<\/td>\nRecovery
Recycling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
135<\/td>\nEquipment Standards <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
136<\/td>\nSpecial Considerations and Equipment for Handling Multiple Refrigerants
Reclamation
Purity Standards
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
137<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
138<\/td>\nR06_CH09_I-P
Thermal Properties of Food Constituents
Thermal Properties of Foods <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
139<\/td>\nWater Content
Initial Freezing Point
Ice Fraction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
143<\/td>\nDensity
Specific Heat <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
144<\/td>\nUnfrozen Food
Frozen Food
Enthalpy <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
145<\/td>\nUnfrozen Food
Frozen Foods <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
146<\/td>\nThermal Conductivity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
154<\/td>\nThermal Diffusivity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
155<\/td>\nHeat of Respiration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
156<\/td>\nTranspiration of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
162<\/td>\nSurface Heat Transfer Coefficient
Evaluation of Thermophysical Property Models <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
165<\/td>\nSymbols
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
169<\/td>\nR06_CH10_I-P
Thermodynamics of Cooling and Freezing
Cooling Times of Foods and Beverages
Cooling Time Estimation Methods Based on f and j Factors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
170<\/td>\nDetermination of f and j Factors for Slabs, Cylinders, and Spheres <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
171<\/td>\nDetermination of f and j Factors for Irregular Shapes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
172<\/td>\nCooling Time Estimation Methods Based on Equivalent Heat Transfer Dimensionality <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
173<\/td>\nAlgorithms for Estimating Cooling Time
Sample Problems for Estimating Cooling Time <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
175<\/td>\nFreezing Times of Foods and Beverages
Plank\u2019s Equation
Modifications to Plank\u2019s Equation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
176<\/td>\nPrecooling, Phase Change, and Subcooling Time Calculations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
177<\/td>\nGeometric Considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
180<\/td>\nEvaluation of Freezing Time Estimation Methods
Algorithms for Freezing Time Estimation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
181<\/td>\nSample Problems for Estimating Freezing Time <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
182<\/td>\nSymbols <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
183<\/td>\nReferences <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
185<\/td>\nR06_Ch11_I-P
Refrigerated Storage
Cooling
Deterioration
Desiccation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
194<\/td>\nRefrigerated Storage Plant Operation
Checking Temperatures and Humidity
Air Circulation
Sanitation and Air Purification <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
195<\/td>\nRemoval of Produce from Storage
Storage of Frozen Foods
Other Products
Beer
Canned Foods
Dried Foods
Furs and Fabrics
Honey <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
196<\/td>\nMaple Syrup
Nursery Stock and Cut Flowers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
197<\/td>\nPopcorn
Vegetable Seeds
References
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
198<\/td>\nR06_CH12_I-P
Basic Microbiology
Sources of Microorganisms
Microbial Growth
Critical Microbial Growth Requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
199<\/td>\nIntrinsic Factors
Extrinsic Factors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
200<\/td>\nBiological Diversity
Design for Control of Microorganisms
Contamination Prevention <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
201<\/td>\nGrowth Prevention
Destruction of Organisms
The Role of HACCP
Sanitation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
202<\/td>\nRegulations and Standards
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
203<\/td>\nR06_CH13_I-P
Transmission Load <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
204<\/td>\nHeat Gain from Cooler Floors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
205<\/td>\nProduct Load
Internal Load <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
206<\/td>\nInfiltration Air Load
Infiltration by Air Exchange <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
208<\/td>\nInfiltration by Direct Flow Through Doorways
Sensible and Latent Heat Components
Equipment Related Load <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
209<\/td>\nSafety Factor <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
210<\/td>\nLoad Diversity
References
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
211<\/td>\nR06_CH14_I-P
Initial Building Considerations
Location
Configuration and Size Determination <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
212<\/td>\nStacking Arrangement
Building Design
One-Story Configuration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
213<\/td>\nShipping and Receiving Docks
Utility Space
Specialized Storage Facilities
Controlled-Atmosphere Storage Rooms <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
214<\/td>\nAutomated Warehouses
Refrigerated Rooms
Construction Methods <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
215<\/td>\nSpace Adjacent to Envelope
Air\/Vapor Treatment at Junctions
Floor Construction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
216<\/td>\nSurface Preparation
Finishes
Suspended Ceilings and Other Interstitial Spaces
Floor Drains
Electrical Wiring
Tracking
Cold-Storage Doors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
217<\/td>\nHardware
Refrigerated Docks
Schneider System
Refrigeration Systems
Types of Refrigeration Systems
Choice of Refrigerant <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
218<\/td>\nLoad Determination
Unit Cooler Selection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
220<\/td>\nFreezers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
221<\/td>\nControls <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
222<\/td>\nInsulation Techniques
Vapor Retarder System
Types of Insulation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
223<\/td>\nInsulation Thickness
Applying Insulation
Roofs
Walls
Floors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
224<\/td>\nFreezer Doorways
Doors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
225<\/td>\nOther Considerations
Temperature Pulldown
Material-Handling Equipment
Fire Protection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
226<\/td>\nInspection and Maintenance
References
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
227<\/td>\nR06_CH15_I-P
Product Requirements
Calculation Methods
Heat Load <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
228<\/td>\nPrecooling Time Estimation Methods
Fractional Unaccomplished Temperature Difference
Half-Cooling Time <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
229<\/td>\nCooling Coefficient
Other Semianalytical\/Empirical Precooling Time Estimation Methods
Numerical Techniques
Cooling Methods
Hydrocooling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
230<\/td>\nTypes of Hydrocoolers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
231<\/td>\nVariations on Hydrocooling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
232<\/td>\nHydrocooler Efficiency
Hydrocooling Water Treatment
Forced-Air Cooling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
233<\/td>\nCommercial Methods
Effects of Containers and Stacking Patterns
Moisture Loss in Forced-Air Cooling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
234<\/td>\nComputer Solution
Forced-Air Evaporative Cooling
Package Icing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
235<\/td>\nVacuum Cooling
Pressure, Volume, and Temperature
Commercial Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
236<\/td>\nApplications <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
237<\/td>\nSelecting a Cooling Method
Cooling Cut Flowers
Symbols <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
238<\/td>\nReferences <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
239<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
240<\/td>\nR06_CH16_I-P
Freezing Methods
Blast Freezers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
241<\/td>\nCold Storage Rooms
Stationary Blast Cell Freezing Tunnels
Push-Through Trolley Freezers
Straight Belt Freezers
Multipass Straight Belt Freezers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
242<\/td>\nFluidized Bed Freezers
Fluidized Belt Freezers
Spiral Belt Freezers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
243<\/td>\nImpingement Freezers
Carton Freezers
Contact Freezers
Manual and Automatic Plate Freezers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
244<\/td>\nSpecialized Contact Freezers
Cryogenic Freezers
Liquid Nitrogen Freezers
Carbon Dioxide Freezers
Cryomechanical Freezers
Other Freezer Selection Criteria
Reliability
Hygiene <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
245<\/td>\nQuality
Economics
Refrigeration Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
246<\/td>\nOperation
Maintenance
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
247<\/td>\nR06_Ch17_I-P
Sanitation
Role of HACCP <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
248<\/td>\nCarcass Chilling and Holding
Spray Chilling Beef
Chilling Time
Refrigeration Systems for Coolers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
249<\/td>\nBeef Cooler Layout and Capacity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
253<\/td>\nBoxed Beef <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
254<\/td>\nHog Chilling and Tempering <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
256<\/td>\nPork Trimmings
Fresh Pork Holding
Calf and Lamb Chilling
Chilling and Freezing Variety Meats <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
257<\/td>\nPackaging and Storage
Packaged Fresh Cuts
Refrigeration Load Computations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
258<\/td>\nProcessed Meats <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
259<\/td>\nBacon Slicing and Packaging Room
Sausage Dry Rooms <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
260<\/td>\nLard Chilling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
261<\/td>\nBlast and Storage Freezers
Direct-Contact Meat Chilling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
262<\/td>\nFrozen Meat Products
Freezing Quality of Meat
Effect of Freezing on Quality
Storage and Handling
Packaging <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
263<\/td>\nShipping Docks
Energy Conservation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
264<\/td>\nReferences
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
265<\/td>\nR06_Ch18_I-P
Processing
Chilling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
268<\/td>\nDecontamination of Carcasses
Further Processing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
269<\/td>\nUnit Operations
Freezing
Effect on Product Quality <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
270<\/td>\nFreezing Methods <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
271<\/td>\nPredicting Freezing or Thawing Times
Packaging <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
272<\/td>\nAirflow Systems in Poultry Processing Plants <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
273<\/td>\nAirflow System Consideration During Renovation
Plant Sanitation
HACCP Systems in Poultry Processing
Tenderness Control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
274<\/td>\nDistribution and Retail Holding Refrigeration
Preserving Quality in Storage and Marketing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
275<\/td>\nThawing
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
276<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
277<\/td>\nR06_Ch19_I-P
Fresh Fishery Products
Care Aboard Vessels
Icing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
278<\/td>\nSaltwater Icing
Use of Preservatives
Storage of Fish in Refrigerated Seawater
Boxing at Sea
Shore Plant Procedure and Marketing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
279<\/td>\nPackaging Fresh Fish
Fresh Fish Storage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
280<\/td>\nIrradiation of Fresh Seafood
Modified-Atmosphere (MA) Packaging
Frozen Fishery Products
Packaging
Package Considerations in Freezing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
281<\/td>\nPackage Considerations for Frozen Storage
Types of Packages
Freezing Methods
Blast Freezing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
282<\/td>\nPlate Freezing
Immersion Freezing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
283<\/td>\nFreezing Fish at Sea
Storage of Frozen Fish
Composition
Storage Conditions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
284<\/td>\nPackaging and Glazing
Space Requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
285<\/td>\nTransportation and Marketing
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
287<\/td>\nR06_CH20_I-P
Milk Production and Processing
Handling Milk at the Dairy
Receiving and Storing Milk <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
288<\/td>\nSeparation and Clarification
Pasteurization and Homogenization <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
290<\/td>\nPackaging Milk Products
Equipment Cleaning
Milk Storage and Distribution <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
291<\/td>\nHalf-and-Half and Cream
Buttermilk, Sour Cream, and Yogurt
Refrigeration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
292<\/td>\nButter Manufacture
Separation and Pasteurization
Churning <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
294<\/td>\nContinuous Churning
Packaging Butter
Deterioration of Butter in Storage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
295<\/td>\nTotal Refrigeration Load
Whipped Butter <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
296<\/td>\nCheese Manufacture
Cheddar Cheese <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
297<\/td>\nProvolone and Mozzarella (Pasta Filata Types)
Swiss Cheese
Roquefort and Blue Cheese <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
298<\/td>\nCottage Cheese
Other Cheeses <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
299<\/td>\nRefrigerating Cheese Rooms
Frozen Dairy Desserts
Ice Cream <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
300<\/td>\nIce Milk
Soft Ice Milk or Ice Cream
Frozen Yogurt
Sherbets
Ices <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
301<\/td>\nMaking Ice Cream Mix
Freezing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
304<\/td>\nIce Cream Bars and Other Novelties <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
305<\/td>\nRefrigeration Compressor Equipment Selection and Operation
Ultrahigh-Temperature (UHT) Sterilization and Aseptic Packaging (AP)
Sterilization Methods and Equipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
306<\/td>\nAseptic Packaging <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
307<\/td>\nQuality Control
Heat-Labile Nutrients <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
308<\/td>\nEvaporated, Sweetened Condensed, and Dry Milk
Evaporated Milk
Sweetened Condensed Milk
Dry Milk and Nonfat Dry Milk <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
309<\/td>\nDrum Drying <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
310<\/td>\nReferences
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
311<\/td>\nR06_Ch21_I-P
Shell Eggs
Egg Structure and Composition
Physical Structure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
312<\/td>\nChemical Composition
Nutritive Value
Egg Quality and Safety
Quality Grades and Weight Classes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
313<\/td>\nQuality Factors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
314<\/td>\nControl and Preservation of Quality
Egg Spoilage and Safety
In-Shell Egg Pasteurization <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
315<\/td>\nHACCP Plan for Shell Eggs
Shell Egg Processing
Off-Line and In-Line Processing
Effect of Refrigeration on Egg Quality and Safety <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
316<\/td>\nRefrigeration Requirement Issues <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
317<\/td>\nCondensation on Eggs
Initial Egg Temperatures
Egg Temperatures After Processing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
318<\/td>\nCooling Rates
Cooling for Storage
Accelerated Cooling Methods
Packaging
Transportation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
319<\/td>\nEgg Products
Egg Breaking <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
320<\/td>\nHolding Temperatures
Pasteurization <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
321<\/td>\nYields
Refrigerated Liquid Egg Products
Chilled Egg Products
Frozen Egg Products
Dehydrated Egg Products <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
322<\/td>\nEgg Product Quality
Sanitary Standards and Plant Sanitation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
323<\/td>\nHACCP Program for Egg Products
References
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
324<\/td>\nR06_CH22_I-P
Fruit Storage and Handling Considerations
Quality and Maturity
Handling and Harvesting
Storage and Transportation
Apples <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
326<\/td>\nControlled-Atmosphere Storage
Storage Diseases and Deterioration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
329<\/td>\nPears <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
330<\/td>\nControlled-Atmosphere Storage
Storage Diseases and Deterioration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
331<\/td>\nGrapes
Cooling and Storage
Fumigation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
333<\/td>\nDiseases <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
334<\/td>\nStorage Life
Refrigeration System Materials and Practices
Maintenance and Operation
Plums
Storage Diseases and Deterioration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
335<\/td>\nSweet Cherries
Harvesting Techniques
Cooling
Storage
Diseases
Peaches and Nectarines
Storage Varieties
Harvest Techniques
Cooling
Storage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
336<\/td>\nDiseases
Apricots
Diseases and Deterioration
Berries
Diseases
Strawberries
Diseases
Figs
Diseases
Supplements to Refrigeration
Antiseptic Washes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
337<\/td>\nProtective Packaging
Selective Marketing
Heat Treatment
Fungicides
Irradiation
References
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
338<\/td>\nR06_CH23_I-P
Citrus Fruit
Maturity and Quality
Harvesting and Packing
Picking <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
339<\/td>\nHandling
Accelerated Coloring or Sweating
Color-Added Treatment
Cooling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
340<\/td>\nTransportation
Storage
Oranges
Grapefruit
Lemons <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
341<\/td>\nSpecialty Citrus Fruit
Controlled-Atmosphere Storage
Storage Disorders and Control
Postharvest Diseases
Physiological Disturbances <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
342<\/td>\nBananas
Harvesting and Transportation
Diseases and Deterioration
Exposure to Excessive Temperatures
Wholesale Processing Facilities <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
343<\/td>\nAirtightness
Refrigeration
Refrigeration Load Calculations
Heating
Air Circulation
Airflow Requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
344<\/td>\nHumidity
Controls <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
345<\/td>\nSubtropical Fruit
Avocados
Storage Disorders
Mangoes
Storage Disorders
Pineapples
Storage Disorders
References
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
346<\/td>\nR06_Ch24_I-P
Product Selection and Quality Maintenance
Postharvest Handling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
347<\/td>\nCooling
Protective Packaging and Waxing
In-Transit Preservation
Cooling Vehicle and Product
Packaging, Loading, and Handling
Providing Refrigeration and Air Circulation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
348<\/td>\nProtection from Cold
Checking and Cleaning Equipment
Modified Atmospheres in Transit
Preservation in Destination Facilities <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
350<\/td>\nRefrigerated Storage Considerations
Sprout Inhibitors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
351<\/td>\nControlled- and Modified-Atmosphere Storage
Injury
Storage of Various Vegetables
Artichokes, Globe (32\u00cb\u0161F and 95 to 100% rh) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
352<\/td>\nAsparagus (32 to 36\u00cb\u0161F and 95 to 100% rh)
Beans, Green or Snap (40 to 45\u00cb\u0161F and 95% rh)
Beans, Lima (37 to 41\u00cb\u0161F and 95% rh)
Beets (32\u00cb\u0161F and 98 to 100% rh) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
353<\/td>\nBroccoli (32\u00cb\u0161F and 95 to 100% rh)
Brussels Sprouts (32\u00cb\u0161F and 95 to 100% rh)
Cabbage (32\u00cb\u0161F and 98 to 100% rh)
Carrots (32\u00cb\u0161F and 98 to 100% rh)
Cauliflower (32\u00cb\u0161F and 95% rh) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
354<\/td>\nCelery (32\u00cb\u0161F and 98 to 100% rh)
Corn, Sweet (32\u00cb\u0161F and 95 to 98% rh)
Cucumbers (50 to 55\u00cb\u0161F and 95% rh)
Eggplants (46 to 54\u00cb\u0161F and 90 to 95% rh) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
355<\/td>\nEndive and Escarole (32\u00cb\u0161F and 95 to 100% rh)
Garlic, Dry (32\u00cb\u0161F and 65 to 70% rh)
Greens, Leafy (32\u00cb\u0161F and 95 to 100% rh)
Lettuce (32\u00cb\u0161F and 95 to 100% rh)
Melons <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
356<\/td>\nMushrooms (32\u00cb\u0161F and 95% rh)
Okra (45 to 50\u00cb\u0161F and 90 to 95% rh)
Onions (32\u00cb\u0161F and 65 to 70% rh) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
357<\/td>\nParsley (32\u00cb\u0161F and 95 to 100% rh)
Parsnips (32\u00cb\u0161F and 98 to 100% rh)
Peas, Green (32\u00cb\u0161F and 95 to 98% rh)
Peas, Southern (40 to 41\u00cb\u0161F and 95% rh)
Peppers, Dry Chili or Hot
Peppers, Sweet (45 to 55\u00cb\u0161F and 90 to 95% rh)
Potatoes (Temperature, see following; 90 to 95% rh) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
358<\/td>\nPumpkins and Squash
Radishes (32\u00cb\u0161F and 95 to 100% rh) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
359<\/td>\nRhubarb (32\u00cb\u0161F and 95% rh)
Rutabagas (32\u00cb\u0161F and 98 to 100% rh)
Spinach (32\u00cb\u0161F and 95 to 98% rh)
Sweet Potatoes (55 to 60\u00cb\u0161F, 85 to 90% rh)
Tomatoes (Mature Green, 55 to 70\u00cb\u0161F; Ripe, 50\u00cb\u0161F; 90 to 95% rh) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
360<\/td>\nTurnips (32\u00cb\u0161F and 95% rh)
References
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
361<\/td>\nR06_CH25_I-P
Orange Juice
Orange Concentrate
Selecting, Handling, and Processing Fresh Fruit <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
363<\/td>\nCold Storage
Concentration Methods
Thermally Accelerated Short-Time Evaporator (TASTE) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
364<\/td>\nFreeze Concentration
Quality Control
Chilled Juice <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
365<\/td>\nRefrigeration
Refrigeration Equipment
Refrigeration Loads
Compressor Manifolding
Pure Fruit Juice Powders <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
366<\/td>\nOther Citrus Juices
Grapefruit Juice
Blended Grapefruit and Orange Juice
Tangerine Juice
Noncitrus Juices
Pineapple Juice
Apple Juice
Grape Juice
Concord Grapes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
367<\/td>\nMuscadines
Strawberry and Other Berry Juices <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
368<\/td>\nR06_Ch26_I-P
Breweries
Malting
Process Aspects <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
370<\/td>\nProcessing
Wort Cooling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
371<\/td>\nFermenting Cellar
Fermenting Cellar Refrigeration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
372<\/td>\nStock Cellar
Kraeusen Cellar
Finishing Operations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
373<\/td>\nOutdoor Storage Tanks
Hop Storage
Yeast Culture Room
Pasteurization
Carbon Dioxide
Collection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
374<\/td>\nLiquefaction
CO2 Storage and Reevaporation
Heat Balance
Common Refrigeration Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
375<\/td>\nVinegar Production
Wine Making
Must Cooling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
376<\/td>\nHeat Treatment of Red Musts
Juice Cooling
Heat Treatment of Juices
Fermentation Temperature Control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
377<\/td>\nPotassium Bitartrate Crystallization
Storage Temperature Control
Chill-Proofing Brandies
Carbonated Beverages <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
378<\/td>\nBeverage and Water Coolers
Refrigeration Plant
Refrigeration Load
Size of Plant <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
379<\/td>\nLiquid Carbon Dioxide Storage
References
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
380<\/td>\nR06_CH27_I-P
Main Dishes, Meals
General Plant Characteristics
Preparation, Processing, Unit Operations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
381<\/td>\nAssembly, Filling, and Packaging
Cooling, Freezing, Casing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
382<\/td>\nFinished Goods Storage and Shipping
Refrigeration Loads
Refrigeration Systems
Plant Internal Environment
Vegetables <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
383<\/td>\nInternational Production
Vegetables in Other Prepared Foods
Refrigeration Loads and Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
384<\/td>\nFruits
Refrigeration Loads and Systems
Potato Products
French Fries <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
385<\/td>\nFormed Potato Products
Hash Brown Potatoes
Refrigeration Loads and Systems
Other Prepared Foods <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
386<\/td>\nLong-Term Storage
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
387<\/td>\nR06_Ch28_I-P
Ingredient Storage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
388<\/td>\nMixing
Mixers
Dough Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
389<\/td>\nDough Cooling
Fermentation
Bread Makeup <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
390<\/td>\nFinal Proof
Baking
Bread Cooling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
391<\/td>\nSlicing and Wrapping
Bread Freezing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
392<\/td>\nFreezing Other Bakery Products
Frozen Pre-Proofed Bakery Products <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
393<\/td>\nRetarding Doughs and Batters
Choice of Refrigerants
References
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
394<\/td>\nR06_Ch29_I-P
Candy Manufacture
Milk and Dark Chocolate <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
395<\/td>\nHand Dipping and Enrobing
Bar Candy <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
396<\/td>\nHard Candy
Hot Rooms
Cold Rooms <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
397<\/td>\nCooling Tunnels
Coating Kettles or Pans
Packing Rooms
Refrigeration Plant <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
398<\/td>\nStorage
Candy
Color <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
399<\/td>\nFlavor
Texture
Insects
Storage Temperature <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
400<\/td>\nHumidity Requirements
Nuts
Temperature
Relative Humidity
Atmosphere
Packaging
Dried Fruits and Vegetables <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
401<\/td>\nDried Fruit Storage
Dried Vegetable Storage
Controlled Atmosphere <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
402<\/td>\nR06_CH30_I-P
Vehicles
Vehicle Design Considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
404<\/td>\nEquipment <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
406<\/td>\nEquipment Design and Selection Factors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
408<\/td>\nQualification Testing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
409<\/td>\nSystem Application Factors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
410<\/td>\nOperations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
412<\/td>\nReferences
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
413<\/td>\nR06_Ch31_I-P
Refrigeration Load
Refrigeration System
Refrigerants
Compressors
Condensers and Coolers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
414<\/td>\nReceivers and Refrigerant Distribution
Controls
Thermometers and Thermostats
Cargo Holds
Arrangement
Space Cooling
Insulation and Construction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
415<\/td>\nApplying Insulation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
416<\/td>\nDecks and Doors
Ships\u2019 Refrigerated Stores <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
417<\/td>\nCommodities
Meats and Poultry
Fish, Ice Cream, and Bread
Fruits and Vegetables
Dairy Products, Ice, and Drinking Water
Storage Areas
Storage Space Requirements
Stores\u2019 Arrangement and Location <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
418<\/td>\nShip Refrigerated Room Design
Refrigerated Room Construction
Specific Vessels
Cargo Vessels
Specifications
Calculations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
419<\/td>\nFishing Vessels
Refrigeration System Design
Hold Preparation
Refrigeration with Ice <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
420<\/td>\nRefrigeration with Seawater
Process Freezing and Cold Storage
References
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
421<\/td>\nR06_Ch32_I-P
Perishable Air Cargo
Fruits and Vegetables <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
422<\/td>\nSeafood
Animals
Perishable Commodity Requirements
Design Considerations
Shipping Containers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
423<\/td>\nTransit Refrigeration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
424<\/td>\nGround Handling
Galley Refrigeration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
425<\/td>\nReferences
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
426<\/td>\nR06_Ch33_I-P
Design Considerations for Below- Ambient Refrigerant Piping
Insulation Properties at Below-Ambient Temperatures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
427<\/td>\nInsulation System Water Resistance
Insulation Systems
Pipe Preparation for Corrosion Control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
428<\/td>\nInsulation Materials <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
429<\/td>\nInsulation Joint Sealant\/Adhesive
Vapor Retarders <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
432<\/td>\nWeather Barrier Jacketing
Installation Guidelines <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
434<\/td>\nMaintenance of Insulation Systems
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
435<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
436<\/td>\nR06_Ch34_I-P
Ice Makers
Flake Ice <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
437<\/td>\nTubular Ice
Plate Ice <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
438<\/td>\nIce Builders
Scale Formation
Thermal Storage <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
439<\/td>\nIce Storage
Ice Rake and Live Bottom Bins <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
440<\/td>\nDelivery Systems
Screw and Belt Conveyors
Pneumatic Ice Conveying <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
441<\/td>\nSlurry Pumping
Commercial Ice
Ice-Source Heat Pumps <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
442<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
443<\/td>\nR06_CH35_I-P
Applications
Refrigeration Requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
444<\/td>\nHeat Loads <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
446<\/td>\nIce Rink Conditions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
447<\/td>\nEquipment Selection
Compressors
Evaporators
Condensers and Heat Recovery
Ice Temperature Control <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
448<\/td>\nRink Piping and Pipe Supports
Headers and Expansion Tanks <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
449<\/td>\nCoolant Equipment
Ice Removal
Storage Accumulators
Energy Consumption
Dehumidifiers
Rink Floor Design <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
450<\/td>\nDrainage
Subfloor Heating for Freeze Protection
Preparation of Rink Floor <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
451<\/td>\nPermanent General-Purpose Rink Floor
All-Purpose Floors
Header Trench
Snow Melt Pit
Building, Maintaining, and Planing Ice Surfaces <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
452<\/td>\nPebbling
Water Quality
Imitation Ice-Skating Surfaces
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
453<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
454<\/td>\nR06_CH36_I-P
Concrete Dams
Methods of Temperature Control
Cement Selection and Pozzolanic Admixtures
Cooling with Embedded Coils
Cooling with Chilled Water and Ice <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
455<\/td>\nCooling by Inundation
Air-Blast Cooling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
456<\/td>\nOther Cooling Methods
System Selection Parameters
Control of Subsurface Water Flow <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
457<\/td>\nSoil Stabilization
Thermal Design
Piling Design
Slab-on-Grade Buildings, Outdoor Slabs, and Equipment Pads
Design Considerations
Passive Cooling
Air Convection Systems
Liquid Convection Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
458<\/td>\nTwo-Phase Systems (Heat Pipes)
Active Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
459<\/td>\nReferences
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
460<\/td>\nR06_Ch37_I-P
Flow Sheets and Specifications
Refrigeration: Service or Utility <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
461<\/td>\nLoad Characteristics
Production Philosophy
Flexibility Requirements
Safety Requirements
Corrosion
Toxicity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
462<\/td>\nFire and Explosion
Refrigeration System Malfunction
Maintenance
Equipment Characteristics
Automation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
463<\/td>\nOutdoor Construction
Energy Recovery
Performance Testing
Insulation Requirements
Design Standards and Codes
Start-Up and Shutdown <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
464<\/td>\nRefrigerants
Refrigeration Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
465<\/td>\nRefrigeration Equipment
Compressors
Absorption Equipment
Condensers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
466<\/td>\nEvaporators <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
467<\/td>\nInstrumentation and Controls
Cooling Towers and Spray Ponds
Miscellaneous Equipment
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
468<\/td>\nR06_CH38_I-P
General Applications
Low-Temperature Properties
Fluid Properties <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
470<\/td>\nThermal Properties <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
472<\/td>\nElectrical and Magnetic Properties <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
473<\/td>\nMechanical Properties
Refrigeration and Liquefaction
Isenthalpic Expansion <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
474<\/td>\nIsentropic Expansion <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
475<\/td>\nCombined Isenthalpic and Isentropic Expansion
Mixed-Refrigerant Cycle <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
477<\/td>\nComparison of Refrigeration and Liquefaction Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
478<\/td>\nCryocoolers
Recuperative Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
481<\/td>\nRegenerative Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
483<\/td>\nSeparation and Purification of Gases <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
484<\/td>\nAir Separation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
485<\/td>\nHelium Recovery
Natural Gas Processing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
486<\/td>\nPurification Procedures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
487<\/td>\nEquipment
Compression Systems
Expansion Devices <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
488<\/td>\nHeat Exchangers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
490<\/td>\nLow-Temperature Insulations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
491<\/td>\nHigh-Vacuum Insulation
Evacuated Multilayer Insulations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
492<\/td>\nEvacuated Powder and Fibrous Insulations
Homogeneous Material Insulations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
493<\/td>\nComposite Material Insulations Systems
Storage and Transfer Systems
Storage Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
494<\/td>\nTransfer Systems
Instrumentation
Pressure Measurements
Thermometry
Liquid-Level Measurements
Density Measurements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
495<\/td>\nFlow Measurements
Hazards of Cryogenic Systems
Physiological Hazards
Construction and Operations Hazards <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
496<\/td>\nFlammability and Detonability Hazards <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
497<\/td>\nHazard Evaluation Summary
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
498<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
499<\/td>\nR06_Ch39_I-P
Autocascade Systems
Operational Characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
500<\/td>\nDesign Considerations
Custom-Designed and Field-Erected Systems
Single-Refrigerant Systems
Two-Stage Systems
Refrigerant and Compressor Selection <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
501<\/td>\nSpecial Multistage Systems
Cascade Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
502<\/td>\nRefrigerants for Low-Temperature Circuit <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
503<\/td>\nCompressor Lubrication
Compressors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
504<\/td>\nChoice of Metal for Piping and Vessels
Low-Temperature Materials
Metals <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
505<\/td>\nThermoplastic Polymers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
506<\/td>\nThermosetting Plastics
Fiber Composites <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
507<\/td>\nAdhesives
Insulation
Heat Transfer <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
509<\/td>\nSecondary Coolants
References
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
510<\/td>\nR06_CH40_I-P
Preservation Applications
Principles of Biological Preservation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
512<\/td>\nPreservation of Biological Materials by Freezing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
513<\/td>\nPreservation of Biological Materials by Freeze Drying <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
514<\/td>\nPreservation of Biological Materials by Vitrification
Preservation of Biological Materials by Undercooling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
515<\/td>\nResearch Applications
Electron Microscopy Specimen Preparation
Cryomicroscopy <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
516<\/td>\nCryomicrotome
Clinical Applications
Hypothermia
Cryosurgery <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
517<\/td>\nRefrigeration Hardware for Cryobiological Applications <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
518<\/td>\nReferences <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
520<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
521<\/td>\nR06_CH41_I-P
Water\/Lithium Bromide Absorption Technology
Components and Terminology <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
522<\/td>\nSingle-Effect Lithium Bromide Chillers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
523<\/td>\nSingle-Effect Heat Transformers
Double-Effect Chillers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
526<\/td>\nOperation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
527<\/td>\nMachine Setup and Maintenance
Ammonia\/Water Absorption Equipment
Residential Chillers and Components <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
528<\/td>\nDomestic Absorption Refrigerators and Controls <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
529<\/td>\nIndustrial Absorption Refrigeration Units
Special Applications and Emerging Products
Systems Combining Power Production with Waste-Heat-Activated Absorption Cooling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
530<\/td>\nTriple-Effect Cycles
GAX (Generator-Absorber Heat Exchange) Cycle
Solid-Vapor Sorption Systems
Liquid Desiccant\/Absorption Systems
Information Sources <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
531<\/td>\nReferences
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
532<\/td>\nR06_CH42_I-P
Types of Forced-Circulation Air Coolers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
533<\/td>\nComponents
Draw-Through and Blow-Through Airflow
Fan Assemblies <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
534<\/td>\nCasing
Coil Construction
Frost Control
Operational Controls
Air Movement and Distribution <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
535<\/td>\nUnit Ratings
Refrigerant Velocity
Frost Condition
Defrosting <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
536<\/td>\nBasic Cooling Capacity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
537<\/td>\nInstallation and Operation
More Information
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
538<\/td>\nR06_CH43_I-P
Refrigeration System
Components <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
539<\/td>\nSelecting Design Balance Points <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
540<\/td>\nEnergy and Mass Balances <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
541<\/td>\nSystem Performance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
542<\/td>\nR06_CH44_I-P
Control Switches
Pressure Switches <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
543<\/td>\nTemperature Switches (Thermostats)
Differential Switches <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
544<\/td>\nFloat Switches <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
545<\/td>\nControl Sensors
Pressure Transducers
Thermistors
Resistance Temperature Detectors
Thermocouples
Liquid Level Sensors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
546<\/td>\nControl Valves
Thermostatic Expansion Valves <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
551<\/td>\nElectric Expansion Valves
Regulating and Throttling Valves <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
552<\/td>\nEvaporator-Pressure-Regulating Valves <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
554<\/td>\nConstant-Pressure Expansion Valves <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
555<\/td>\nSuction-Pressure-Regulating Valves
Condenser-Pressure-Regulating Valves <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
556<\/td>\nDischarge Bypass Valves <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
557<\/td>\nHigh-Side Float Valves
Low-Side Float Valves <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
558<\/td>\nSolenoid Valves <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
560<\/td>\nCondensing Water Regulators <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
561<\/td>\nCheck Valves <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
562<\/td>\nRelief Devices <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
564<\/td>\nDischarge-Line Lubricant Separators
Capillary Tubes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
567<\/td>\nAdiabatic Capillary Tube Selection Procedure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
569<\/td>\nCapillary-Tube\/Suction-Line Heat Exchanger Selection Procedure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
571<\/td>\nShort-Tube Restrictors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
573<\/td>\nReferences <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
574<\/td>\nBibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
575<\/td>\nR06_CH45_I-P
Dehydration (Moisture Removal)
Sources of Moisture
Dehydration by Heat, Vacuum, or Dry Air <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
576<\/td>\nCombination Methods <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
577<\/td>\nMoisture Measurement <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
578<\/td>\nCharging
Testing for Leaks
Leak Detection Methods <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
579<\/td>\nSpecial Considerations
Performance Testing
Compressor Testing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
580<\/td>\nTesting Complete Systems
Testing of Components <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
581<\/td>\nReferences <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
582<\/td>\nR06_CH46_I-P
Display Refrigerators <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
583<\/td>\nProduct Temperatures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
584<\/td>\nStore Ambient Effect <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
585<\/td>\nDisplay Refrigerator Cooling Load and Heat Sources <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
587<\/td>\nRefrigerator Construction
Cleaning and Sanitizing Equipment
Refrigeration Systems for Display Refrigerators
Merchandising Applications <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
590<\/td>\nFrozen Food and Ice Cream Display <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
591<\/td>\nEnergy Efficiency Opportunities in Display Refrigerators <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
592<\/td>\nRefrigerated Storage Rooms
Meat Processing Rooms <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
593<\/td>\nWrapped Meat Storage
Walk-In Coolers and Freezers
Refrigeration Systems
Design Considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
594<\/td>\nTypical Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
595<\/td>\nLow-Charge Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
597<\/td>\nCondensing Methods
Condenser Types <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
599<\/td>\nEnergy Efficiency of Condensers
Noise
Heat Recovery Strategies
Space Heating <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
600<\/td>\nWater Heating
Liquid Subcooling Strategies
Methods of Defrost
Conventional Refrigeration Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
601<\/td>\nLow-Charge Systems
Defrost Control Strategies
Supermarket Air-Conditioning Systems
System Types
Comfort Considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
602<\/td>\nInteraction with Refrigeration
Environmental Control
Energy Efficiency
References <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
603<\/td>\nR06_Ch47_I-P
Refrigerated Cabinets
Reach-In Cabinets
Roll-In Cabinets <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
604<\/td>\nProduct Temperatures
Typical Construction
Specialty Applications <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
605<\/td>\nRefrigeration Systems
Food Freezers
Blast Chillers and Blast Freezers
Walk-In Coolers\/Freezers <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
606<\/td>\nOperating Temperatures
Typical Construction
Door Construction
Walk-In Floors
Refrigeration Systems
Compressors
Evaporators <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
607<\/td>\nRefrigeration Sizing
Maintenance and Operation
Vending Machines
Types of Refrigerated Vending Machines
Refrigeration Systems
Cooling Load Components <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
608<\/td>\nSensitivity to Surroundings
Maintenance and Operation
Ice Machines
Typical Operation and Construction
Refrigeration Systems
Maintenance and Operations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
609<\/td>\nPreparation Tables
Product Temperatures
Typical Construction
Energy Efficiency Opportunities <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
610<\/td>\nReferences <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
611<\/td>\nR06_Ch48_I-P
Primary Functions
Performance Characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
612<\/td>\nEnergy Efficiency Standards and Test Procedures
Safety Requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
613<\/td>\nDurability and Service
Cabinets
Use of Space
Special-Purpose Compartments
Ice and Water Service
Thermal Considerations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
614<\/td>\nStructure and Materials <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
615<\/td>\nMoisture Sealing
Door Latching and Entrapment
Cabinet Testing
Refrigerating Systems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
616<\/td>\nRefrigerating Circuit
Defrosting
Evaporator <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
617<\/td>\nCondenser
Fans
Capillary Tube <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
618<\/td>\nCompressor <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
619<\/td>\nTemperature Control System
System Design and Balance
Processing and Assembly Procedures
Evaluation
Environmental Test Rooms <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
620<\/td>\nStandard Performance Test Procedures
Special Performance Testing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
621<\/td>\nMaterials Testing
Component Life Testing
Field Testing
References
Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
622<\/td>\nR06_Ch49_I-P
Selected Codes and Standards Published by Various Societies and Associations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
648<\/td>\nORGANIZATIONS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

ASHRAE Refrigeration Handbook<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Published By<\/td>\nPublication Date<\/td>\nNumber of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ASHRAE<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n2006<\/td>\n649<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":121604,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[2719],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-121603","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-ashrae","8":"first","9":"instock","10":"sold-individually","11":"shipping-taxable","12":"purchasable","13":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/121603","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/121604"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=121603"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=121603"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=121603"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}