🔥🔥 Don’t Miss Out on Our End of Autumn Sale. If you have any questions, feel free to click the bottom right corner to contact our customer service..

Concat us[email protected]
Shopping Cart

No products in the cart.

🔍
ASME PTC 34 07 2007

ASME PTC 34 07 2007

$98.04

ASME PTC 34 Waste Combustors With Energy Recovery

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
ASME 2007 114
PDF Format Searchable Printable Preview Now
Guaranteed Safe Checkout
Category:

If you have any questions, feel free to reach out to our online customer service team by clicking on the bottom right corner. We’re here to assist you 24/7.
Email:[email protected]

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
4 CONTENTS
5 FIGURES
TABLES
6 NOTICE
7 FOREWORD
8 COMMITTEE ROSTER
9 CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE PTC 34 COMMITTEE
10 INTRODUCTION
12 Section 1 Object and Scope
1-1 OBJECT
1-1.1 Other Applications
1-2 SCOPE
1-3 UNCERTAINTY
13 Section 2 Definitions and Description of Terms
2-1 DEFINITIONS
15 2-2 DESCRIPTION OF TERMS
2-3 UNITS AND CONVERSIONS
2-4 STEAM GENERATOR ENVELOPE
2-4.1 Fuel
2-4.2 Air
2-4.3 Flue Gas
2-4.4 Steam/Waters
2-4.5 Miscellaneous
16 2-3 Units and Conversions
18 2-4 Typical System Boundary
19 Section 3 Guiding Principles
3-1 INTRODUCTION
3-2 PLANNING FOR THE TEST
3-2.1 General Preparations
3-2.2 Pretest Uncertainty Analysis
3-3 TEST PERSONNEL AND RESPONSIBILITIES
20 3-4 TEST PREPARATION, TEST APPARATUS, AND PLANT EQUIPMENT
3-4.1 General Preparations
3-4.2 Preliminary Testing
3-5 CONDUCT OF TEST
3-5.1 Starting and Stopping Test Runs
21 3-5.2 Methods of Operation During Tests
3-5.3 Adjustments During Tests
3-5.4 Duration and Number of Test Runs
22 3-5.5 Constancy of Test Conditions
3-6 DATA EVALUATION AND REPORTING
3-6.1 Causes for Rejection of Specific Data or Test Runs
3-5.4 Repeatability of Runs
3-5.5 Operating Parameter Deviations
23 3-6.2 Uncertainty
3-6.3 Data Storage and Retrieval
3-6.4 Test Report
3-7 PRIOR AGREEMENTS
3-7.1 Test Planning
3-7.2 Test Personnel
3-7.3 Test Preparation and Test Apparatus/Plant Equipment
24 3-7.4 Conduct of Test
3-7.5 Data Analysis, Calculations, and Reporting
25 Section 4 Instruments and Methods of Measurement
4-1 INTRODUCTION
4-2 DATA REQUIRED
4-3 GENERAL MEASUREMENT REQUIREMENTS
4-3.1 Calibration
26 4-2-1 Parameters Required for Input, Efficiency, and HHV Determinations
29 4-3.1.1 Temperature.
4-3.1.2 Pressure or Differential Pressure.
4-2-2 Parameters Required for Wet Flue Gas Flow Using Economizer Heat Balance
4-2-3 Parameters Required to Determine Corrected Flue Gas Exit Temperature
30 4-3.1.3 Flue Gas Composition.
4-3.2 Flue Gas Analysis
4-3.2.1 Dry Flue Gases.
4-3.2.2 Water Vapor.
4-3.3 Flow Weighting
4-3.4 Frequency of Measurements
4-3.5 Estimating Measurement Systematic Error
31 4-3.5 Potential Instrumentation Systematic Uncertainties
32 4-4 TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
4-4.1 General
4-4.2 Measurement Systematic Errors for Temperature
33 4-4.3 Air and Gas Temperature
4-4.3.1 Method of Measurement.
4-4.3.2 Estimating Measurement Systematic Errors.
4-4.4 Steam and Water Temperatures
4-4.4.1 Method of Measurement.
4-4.4.2 Estimating Measurement Systematic Errors.
4-4.5 Waste Fuel Temperature
4-4.6 Residue Temperature
4-5 PRESSURE MEASUREMENT
4-5.1 General
4-5.2 Measurement Systematic Errors for Pressure
34 4-4.3.1-1 Sampling Grids — Rectangular Ducts
35 4-4.3.1-2 Sampling Grids — Circular Ducts
36 4-5.3 Steam and Water Static Pressure
4-5.3.1 Method of Measurement.
4-5.3.2 Estimating Measurement Systematic Errors.
4-5.4 Barometric Pressure
4-5.4.1 Method of Measurement.
4-5.4.2 Estimating Measurement Systematic Errors.
4-6 FLOW MEASUREMENT
4-6.1 General
4-6.2 Systematic Errors for Flow
4-6.3 Steam and Water Flow
4-6.3.1 Method of Measurement.
37 4-6.3.2 Estimating Systematic Measurement Errors.
4-6.4 Wet Flue Gas Flow
4-6.4.1 Economizer Heat Balance Method of Flow Measurement.
4-6.4.2 Estimating Systematic Errors for Economizer Heat Balance.
4-6.4.3 Velocity Traverse Method of Measurement.
38 4-6.4.4 Estimating Measurement Systematic Errors.
4-6.5 Waste Fuel Flow
4-6.5.1 Method of Measurement
39 4-6.5.2 Estimating Measurement Systematic Errors.
4-6.6 Residue Flow
4-6.6.1 Method of Measurement.
4-6.6.2 Estimating Measurement Systematic Errors.
4-6.7 Supplementary Fuel Flow
4-6.7.1 Method of Measurement.
4-6.7.2 Estimating Measurement Systematic Errors.
4-6.8 Air Flow
40 4-6.8.1 Method of Measurement.
4-6.8.2 Estimating Measurement Systematic Errors.
4-6.9 Minor Water Flow
4-6.9.1 Method of Measurement.
4-6.9.2 Estimating Measurement Systematic Errors.
4-7 SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS
4-7.1 General
4-7.2 Flue Gas Sampling
4-7.2.1 Methods of Flue Gas Sampling.
41 4-7.2.2 Measurement Systematic Error for Flue Gas Sampling.
4-7.3 Flue Gas Analysis
4-7.3.1 Methods of Flue Gas Analysis.
42 4-7.3.2 Measurement Systematic Error for Flue Gas Analysis.
4-7.4 Ash Residue Sampling
4-7.4.1 Mixing and Reduction.
4-7.4.2 Compositing.
43 4-7.4.3 Measurement Systematic Error for Residue Sampling.
4-7.5 Ash Residue Analysis
4-7.5.1 Moisture in the Ash Residue
4-7.5.2 Dry Weight of the Analysis Sample
4-7.5.3 Unburned Combustibles in the Ash Residue.
4-7.6 Supplementary Fuels
4-7.6.1 Liquid Fuel.
4-7.6.2 Gaseous Fuel.
4-7.7 Humidity
4-7.7.1 Method of Measurement.
44 4-7.7.2 Measurement Systematic Error for Humidity.
45 Section 5 Computation of Results
5-1 INTRODUCTION
5-2 MEASUREMENT DATA REDUCTION
5-2.1 Calibration Corrections
5-2.2 Outliers
5-2.3 Averaging Test Measurement Data
46 5-2.3.1 Average Value for Spatially Uniform Parameters.1
5-2.3.2 Summary Data.
5-2.3.3 Average Value for Spatially Nonuniform Parameters.
5-3 OUTPUT QrO, Btu/hr W
47 5-3.1 Output in Main Steam
5-3.1.1 Saturated Steam Generators.
5-3.1.2 Superheated Steam Generators.
5-3.2 Auxiliary Steam
5-3.3 Blowdown
5-4 INPUT
5-5 ENERGY BALANCE
48 5-6 EFFICIENCY
5-6.1 Efficiency — Energy Balance Using the Boiler as a Calorimeter
5-6.2 Efficiency Calculation Convergence Tolerance
5-7 RESIDUE PROPERTIES
5-7.1 Mass Flow Rates of Residue
49 5-7.2 Wet Bottom Ash Removal Systems
5-8 FLUE GAS PRODUCTS
5-8.1 Wet Gas From Fuel
5-8.2 Dry Gas From Fuel
5-8.3 Simplifications — N2 and SOx From Fuel
5-8.4 Molecular Weight of Dry Flue Gas
5-8.5 Dry Air Weight
50 5-8.6 Water From Air
5-8.7 Additional Moisture
5-8.8 Water From Fuel
5-8.9 Determination of Performance Parameters at Alternate Locations
5-8.10 Density of Flue Gas
5-9 COMBUSTION AIR PROPERTIES
5-9.1 Physical Properties
51 5-9.2 Moisture in Air, lbm/lbm kg/kg Dry Air
5-9.3 Excess Air
5-9.4 Theoretical Air, lbm/Btu kg/J
52 5-9.5 Density of Air, lbm/ft3 kg/m3
5-10 AIR AND FLUE GAS TEMPERATURE
5-10.1 Reference Temperature, deg.F deg.C
5-10.2 Average Entering Air Temperature, deg.F deg.C
5-10.3 Corrected Gas Outlet Temperature Excl. AH Leakage, deg.F deg.C
53 5-10.4 Average Exit Gas Temperature, deg.F deg.C
5-11 LOSSES
5-11.1 Dry Gas Loss, Btu/hr
5-11.2 Water From Fuel Loss
54 5-11.3 QrLAp — Wet Ash Pit Loss
5-11.3.1 Loss Due to Evaporation of Pit Water.
5-11.3.2 Loss Due to Energy Increase in Ash Pit Water
5-11.3.3 Loss Due to Sensible Heat in Residue/Water Mixture Leaving the Ash Pit
5-11.3.4 QrLAp — Wet Ash Pit Loss
5-11.4 Loss Due to Moisture in Air
5-11.5 Loss Due to Unburned Combustibles in Residue
5-11.6 Loss Due to Carbon Monoxide in Flue Gas, Btu/hr
5-11.7 Loss Due to Sensible Heat of Residue
5-11.8 Loss Due to Surface Radiation and Convection
5-11.9 Loss Due to Additional Moisture
55 5-11.10 Loss From Recycled Streams
5-11.10.1 Recycled Gaseous Streams.
5-11.10.2 Recycled Solids Streams.
5-11.11 Loss Due to Steam Coil Air Heater When Steam Source Is From Boiler
5-11.12 Loss From Cooling Water
5-11.13 Conversion of Losses to Percent Input From Fuel Basis
5-12 CREDITS
5-12.1 Credit Due to Entering Dry Air
5-12.2 Credit Due to Moisture in Entering Dry Air
5-12.3 Credit Due to Sensible Heat in As-Fired Fuel
5-12.4 Credit Due to Auxiliary Equipment Power
56 5-12.5 Credit Due to Energy in Additional Moisture
5-12.6 Conversion of Credits to Percent Input From Fuel Basis
5-13 SUPPLEMENTARY FUEL INPUT
5-14 HHV OF WASTE FUEL
5-15 SORBENT AND OTHER ADDITIVES
5-16 UNCERTAINTY
57 5-16.1 Sensitivity Coefficients
5-16.2 Standards Deviation of the Mean
5-16.3 Random Error Component of Uncertainty
58 5-16.4 Systematic Uncertainty
5-16.4.1 Systematic Uncertainties Associated With Integrated Average Parameters.
5-16.3 Two-Tailed Student’s t Table for the 95% Confidence Level
59 5-16.4.2 Systematic Uncertainty of Result.
5-16.5 Total Overall Uncertainty
5-17 OTHER OPERATING PARAMETERS
5-17.1 Steam Temperature
5-17.2 Pressure Loss
5-17.3 Static Pressures
5-17.4 Exit Gas Temperature
5-17.5 Air Leakage or Infiltration
5-18 CORRECTIONS TO STANDARD OR GUARANTEE CONDITIONS
60 5-18.1 Entering Air Temperature
5-18.2 Exit Gas Temperature
5-18.3 Units Without Recuperative Air Heaters
5-18.4 Units With Recuperative Air Heaters
5-18.4.1 Entering Air Temperature
5-18.4.2 Entering Gas Temperature.
5-18.4.3 Entering Gas Mass Flow.
5-18.4.4 Heat Capacity or X-Ratio.
61 5-18.5 Fuel Analysis
5-18.6 Throughput
5-18.7 Output
5-18.8 Residue
5-18.8.1 Unburned Combustible Loss.
5-18.8.2 Residue Quantity.
5-18.8.3 Residue Split.
5-18.8.4 Sensible Heat in Residue Loss.
5-18.9 Excess Air
5-18.10 Other Entering Streams
5-18.10.1 Moisture in Air.
5-18.10.2 Fuel Temperature.
5-18.11 Miscellaneous Efficiency Corrections
5-18.11.1 Surface Radiation and Convection Loss.
5-18.11.2 Soot-Blowing Steam.
5-18.12 Air and Gas Resistance
5-18.13 Steam or Water Pressure Loss
62 5-18.14 Uncertainty of Corrected Results
5-19 ENTHALPY OF AIR, FLUE GAS, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES COMMONLY REQUIRED FOR ENERGY BALANCE CALCULATIONS
5-19.1 Enthalpy of Air, Btu/lbm J/kg
5-19.2 Enthalpy of Flue Gas, Btu/lbm J/kg
5-19.3 Enthalpy of Dry Residue, Btu/lbm
5-19.4 Enthalpy of Water Vapor, Btu/lbm
5-19.5 Enthalpy of Steam/Water at 1 psia, 32 deg.F 0 deg.C Reference, Btu/lbm
63 5-19.6 Enthalpy of Fuel Oil, Btu/lbm
5-19.7 Enthalpy of Natural Gas, Btu/lbm
5-19.8 Enthalpy Coefficients for Abbreviated JANAF/NASA Correlation
64 5-19.9 Curves for Calculating Enthalpy
5-20 ACRONYMS
5-20.1 Basis for Acronyms
5-20.1.1 Property Symbols
65 5-20.1.2 Function Symbols
5-20.1.3 Equipment, Stream, and Efficiency Symbols
5-20.1.4 Location, Area, Component, Constituent Symbols
5-20.2 List of Acronyms Used
66 5-19.9-1 Mean Specific Heat of Dry Air vs. Temperature
67 5-19.9-2 Mean Specific Heat of Water Vapor vs. Temperature
69 5-19.9-3 Mean Specific Heat of Dry Flue Gas vs. Temperature
70 5-19.9-4 Mean Specific Heat of Dry Residue vs. Temperature
72 5-20.2 List of Acronyms Used
76 Section 6 Report of Results
6-1 INTRODUCTION
6-2 CONTENTS OF REPORT
6-2.1 Title Page
6-2.2 Table of Contents
6-2.3 General Information
6-2.4 Summary
6-2.5 Introduction
6-2.6 Objectives and Agreements
6-2.7 Test Descriptions and Procedures
6-2.8 Results
77 6-2.9 Uncertainty Analysis
6-2.10 Conclusions and Recommendations
6-2.11 Appendices
78 Section 7 Uncertainty Analysis
7-1 INTRODUCTION
7-1.1 General List of Symbols for Section 7
7-1.2 Subscripts
7-1.3 Superscript
7-2 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS
7-2.1 Benefits of Uncertainty Analysis
79 7-2.2 Uncertainty Analysis Principles
7-2.3 Averaging and Models for Variability
80 7-2.2-1 Types of Errors in Measurements
7-2.2-2 Time Dependence of Errors
81 7-2.4 Overview of Procedures for Determining Random and Systematic Uncertainty and Their Propagation
82 7-2.3 Constant Value and Continuous Variable Models
85 7-3 PRETEST UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS AND TEST PLANNING
7-4 EQUATIONS AND PROCEDURES FOR DETERMINING THE STANDARD DEVIATION FOR THE ESTIMATE OF RANDOM ERROR
7-4.1 Standard Deviation of Individual Parameters
86 7-4.1.1 Multiple Measurements at a Single Point.
7-4.1.2 Integrated Average Parameters Unweighted Averages.
7-4.1.3 Integrated Average Parameters Weighted Averages.
87 7-4.1.4 Measurements on Samples Taken in Multiple Increments.
88 7-4.1.5 A Single Measurement or the Sum of Single Measurements.
7-4.2 Standard Deviation and Degrees of Freedom for Intermediate Results
7-4.2.1 Parameters of the Form z = C 1õ
7-4.2.2 Parameters of the Form z = a0 1&
7-4.2.3 Parameters of the Form z = C 1õ
7-4.2.4 Flow Rates Using Weigh Bins or Tanks.
89 7-4.3 Standard Deviation and Degrees of Freedom of Test Results
7-4.3.1 Combining Standard Deviations.
7-4.3.2 Combining Degrees of Freedom.
7-4.3.3 Sensitivity Coefficients.
7-4.3.4 Calculation of Sensitivity Coefficients.
7-5 EQUATIONS AND GUIDANCE FOR DETERMINING SYSTEMATIC UNCERTAINTY
90 7-5.1 General Rules
7-5.2 Systematic Uncertainties in Measured Parameters Due to Instrumentation
7-5.2.1 Systematic Uncertainty Due to a Single Component.
7-5.2.2 Combining Systematic Uncertainties From Several Components.
7-5.2.3 Multiple Measurements With a Single Instrument.
91 7-5.2.4 Multiple Measurements With Multiple Instruments at Several Locations.
7-5.3 Systematic Uncertainty in Spatially Nonuniform Parameters
7-5.2.1 Generic Calibration Curve
92 7-5.3.1 Spatial Distribution Index.
7-5.3.2 Systematic Uncertainty Due to Numerical Integration.
7-5.3.3 Systematic Uncertainty Associated With Flow Weighting.
7-5.3.3.1 Flow Weighting Systematic Uncertainty When Flow Weighting Is Used.
93 7-5.3.3.2 Flow Weighting Systematic Uncertainty When Flow Weighting Is Not Used.
7-5.3.4 Combined Systematic Uncertainty for Integrated Averages.
7-5.4 Systematic Uncertainty Due to Assumed Values for Unmeasured Parameters
7-5.5 Degrees of Freedom for Systematic Uncertainty Estimates
94 7-5.6 Systematic Uncertainty for Test Results
7-6 UNCERTAINTY OF TEST RESULTS
96 MANDATORY APPENDIX
I STANDARD RADIATION AND CONVECTION LOSS CHART
98 NONMANDATORY APPENDICES
A SAMPLE CALCULATION PROCEDURES FOR WASTE COMBUSTORS WITH ENERGY RECOVERY
A-1 BOILER EFFICIENCY BY THE HEAT BALANCE METHOD HHV OF FUEL USING THE BOILER AS A CALORIMETER METHOD
A-2 UNBURNED COMBUSTIBLE AND RESIDUE CALCULATIONS FORM RESREF
99 A-2.1 If Residue Mass Flow Rates Not Measured
A-2.2 If Residue Mass Flow Rates Measured
A-2.3 Sensible Heat Loss From Residue
A-3 COMBUSTION CALCULATIONS — WASTE COMBUSTORS USING MEASURED GAS WEIGHT FORM CMBREF
100 A-3.1 Calculations
A-4 EFFICIENCY/INPUT/HHV CALCULATIONS — WASTE COMBUSTORS USING MEASURED GAS WEIGHT FORM EFFREF
101 A-4.1 Data Required
108 B TEST METHOD FOR DETERMINING MOISTURE, COMBUSTIBLE CONTENT, AND HEATING VALUE OF RESIDUE FROM MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE INCINERATORS
B-1 SCOPE
B-2 SUMMARY OF TEST METHOD
B-3 SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
B-4 APPARATUS
B-4.1 Electric Muffle Furnace
B-4.2 Sample Pan
B-4.3 Balance
B-4.4 Container Tongs
B-4.5 Insulated Gloves
B-5 PROCEDURE
B-5.1 Residue Sample Wet Weight, B
109 B-5.2 Residue Sample Dry Weight, C
B-5.3 Residue Sample Dry Ash Weight, D
B-6 CALCULATION
B-6.1 Moisture Percent
B-6.2 Combustible Percent
B-6.3 Heating Value
110 C REFERENCES
113 How can you reach us? ItÅ’s easier than ever!

Related products

ASME PTC 34 07 2007
$98.04