This document specifies a test method for the determination of the content of mono-aromatic, di aromatic and tri+-aromatic hydrocarbons in diesel fuels, paraffinic diesel fuels and petroleum distillates. This document specifies two procedures, A and B. Procedure A is applicable to diesel fuels that may contain fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) up to 30 % (V\/V) (as in [1], [2] or [3]) and petroleum distillates in the boiling range from 150 \u00b0C to 400 \u00b0C (as in [4]. Procedure B is applicable to paraffinic diesel fuels with up to 7 % (V\/V) FAME. This procedure does not contain a dilution of the sample in order to determine the low levels of aromatic components in these fuels. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons content is calculated from the sum of di-aromatic and tri+-aromatic hydrocarbons and the total content of aromatic compounds is calculated from the sum of the individual aromatic hydrocarbon types. Compounds containing sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen can interfere in the determination; mono-alkenes do not interfere, but conjugated di-alkenes and poly-alkenes, if present, can do so. The measurement ranges that apply to this method are given in Table 2 and Table 3. NOTE 1 For the purpose of this document, the terms “% (m\/m)” and “% (V\/V)” are used to represent the mass fraction, \u00b5, and the volume fraction, \u03c6, of a material respectively. NOTE 2 By convention, the aromatic hydrocarbon types are defined on the basis of their elution characteristics from the specified liquid chromatography column relative to model aromatic compounds. Their quantification is performed using an external calibration with a single aromatic compound for each of them, which may or may not be representative of the aromatics present in the sample. Alternative techniques and test methods may classify and quantify individual aromatic hydrocarbon types differently. NOTE 3 Backflush is part of laboratory-internal maintenance. WARNING – The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of users of this document to take appropriate measures to ensure the safety and health of personnel prior to application of the standard, and fulfil statutory and regulatory requirements for this purpose.<\/p>\n
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| 2<\/td>\n | undefined <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 5<\/td>\n | European foreword <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 6<\/td>\n | 1 Scope 2 Normative references <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 7<\/td>\n | 3 Terms and definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 8<\/td>\n | 4 Principle 5 Reagents and materials <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 9<\/td>\n | 6 Apparatus <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 10<\/td>\n | 7 Sampling <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 11<\/td>\n | 8 Apparatus preparation Figure 1 \u2014 Diagrammatic representation of a liquid chromatograph <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 13<\/td>\n | Figure 2 \u2014 Chromatogram of the system calibration standard SCS1 9 Calibration Table 1 \u2014 Concentrations of calibration standard components <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 14<\/td>\n | Figure 3 \u2014 Chromatogram of calibration standard <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 15<\/td>\n | 10 Procedure 10.1 Procedure A for diesel fuels and petroleum distillates 10.2 Procedure B for paraffinic diesel fuels 10.3 Procedure A and B continuation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 16<\/td>\n | Figure 4 \u2014 Chromatogram with the peaks identified and showing the integration <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 17<\/td>\n | Figure 5 \u2014 Exemplary chromatogram of paraffinic diesel fuels with the peaks identified 11 Calculation 11.1 Retention times <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 18<\/td>\n | 11.2 Column resolution 11.3 Cut times 11.4 Aromatic hydrocarbons type content <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 19<\/td>\n | 11.5 Polycyclic and total aromatic hydrocarbons content 12 Expression of results 13 Precision 13.1 General 13.2 Repeatability, r 13.3 Reproducibility, R <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 20<\/td>\n | Table 2 \u2014 Precision values for diesel fuels and petroleum distillates (procedure A) Table 3 \u2014 Precision values for paraffinic diesel fuels (Procedure B) 14 Test report <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 21<\/td>\n | Annex A (informative) Column selection and use <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 22<\/td>\n | Annex B (informative) Practical instructions for paraffinic diesel fuel samples <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 23<\/td>\n | Figure B.1 \u2014 Influence of integration methods of unequal sized asymmetrical peaks <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 24<\/td>\n | Annex C (informative) Identification of tri+-aromatics Figure C.1 \u2014 Chromatogram of typical diesel with UV detector <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 25<\/td>\n | Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Petroleum products. Determination of aromatic hydrocarbon types in middle distillates. High performance liquid chromatography method with refractive index detection<\/b><\/p>\n |