This part of the EN 13230 series defines technical criteria and control procedures which need to be satisfied by the constituent materials and the finished concrete sleepers and bearers, i.e.: precast concrete sleepers, twin-block reinforced sleepers, bearers for switches and crossings, and special elements for railway tracks. The main requirement of concrete sleepers and bearers is the transmission of vertical, lateral and longitudinal loads from the rails to the ballast or other support. In use, they are also exposed to frost damage and to moisture, which can result in detrimental chemical reactions within the sleeper. In this standard mechanical tests are defined which provide assurance of the capability of sleepers or bearers to resist repetitive loading and provide sufficient durability. In addition, controls are placed on manufacturing processes and tests to ensure that the concrete will not suffer degradation in service through chemical reaction and frost damage.<\/p>\n
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 54<\/td>\n | Contents Page <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 57<\/td>\n | European foreword <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 58<\/td>\n | Introduction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 59<\/td>\n | 1 Scope 2 Normative references <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 60<\/td>\n | 3 Terms and definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 62<\/td>\n | 4 Common characteristics 4.1 General 4.2 Loading 4.2.1 Loads 4.2.2 Load distribution <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 63<\/td>\n | 4.3 Characteristic bending moments 4.4 Data to be supplied 4.4.1 General 4.4.2 Data to be supplied by the purchaser <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 64<\/td>\n | 4.4.3 Data to be provided by the supplier 4.4.3.1 Before the design approval tests 4.4.3.2 After the design approval tests 4.4.3.3 Prior to start-up of production 5 Materials 5.1 General requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 65<\/td>\n | 5.2 Cement 5.3 Aggregates <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 66<\/td>\n | 5.4 Mixing water 5.5 Admixtures 5.6 Concrete 5.6.1 Material requirements 5.6.2 Information to be provided by the supplier <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 67<\/td>\n | 5.6.3 Changes for the material and processes 5.7 Steel 5.7.1 Prestressing tendons 5.7.2 Reinforcing steel 5.7.3 Steel connecting bar 5.8 Embedded components 6 General requirements 6.1 Design 6.1.1 Geometrical design <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 68<\/td>\n | Figure 1 \u2014 Typical prestressed monoblock sleeper Figure 2 \u2014 Typical twin-block reinforced sleeper <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 69<\/td>\n | Figure 3 \u2014 Typical prestressed concrete bearer Table 1 \u2014 Maximum tolerances <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 70<\/td>\n | 6.1.2 Concrete cover 6.1.3 Prestressing system design 6.1.4 Reinforcing steel design 6.2 Manufacturing process 6.2.1 General requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 71<\/td>\n | 6.2.2 Natural curing 6.2.3 Accelerated curing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 72<\/td>\n | Figure 4 \u2014 Maximum temperature curve Figure 5 \u2014 Maximum curing temperature as a function of sulfur trioxide content in the cement <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 73<\/td>\n | 6.3 Surface finish 6.4 Marking 7 Product testing 7.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 74<\/td>\n | 7.2 Mechanical parameters Figure 6 \u2014 Area for measurement of crack 7.3 Tests on product 7.4 Tests on concrete <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 75<\/td>\n | 7.5 Tests in combination with the fastening system 7.6 Additional tests 8 Quality control 8.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 76<\/td>\n | 8.2 Quality control during design approval tests 8.3 Quality control during manufacturing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 77<\/td>\n | Annex A (informative) Test method to determine the Taber Wear index for a fine aggregate A.1 General A.2 Apparatus A.3 Preparation of Mortar Tiles A.3.1 Sampling A.3.2 Mortar Tile preparation <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 78<\/td>\n | A.3.3 Mortar Tile curing A.3.4 Grinding of Mortar Tiles A.4 Test procedure A.5 Calculation of Taber Wear Index <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 79<\/td>\n | Annex B (informative) Test method for freeze\u2013thaw resistance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 80<\/td>\n | Annex C (informative) Test method for measuring the water absorption of concrete at atmospheric pressure C.1 Introduction C.2 Samples C.3 Sequence of test C.4 Results C.5 Requirements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 81<\/td>\n | Annex D (informative) Definition and recommendation for measurement of rail seat inclination and twist between rail seats Figure D.1 \u2014 Example of gauge for measurement of rail seat inclination and twist between rail seats <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 82<\/td>\n | Annex E (informative) Surface finish E.1 General E.2 General information for surface finish E.3 Surface finish of the rail seat <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 83<\/td>\n | E.4 Surface finish of all other surfaces E.5 Detailed procedure for remedial work <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 84<\/td>\n | Annex F (informative) Quality control during manufacturing \u2013 Routine tests and frequency of testing F.1 General F.2 Data of the sleeper to be checked Table F.1 \u2014 Raw materials Table F.2 \u2014 Manufacturing process <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 85<\/td>\n | Table F.3 \u2014 Finished product <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 86<\/td>\n | F.3 Examples for frequency of testing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 87<\/td>\n | Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2008\/57\/EC <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 88<\/td>\n | Table ZA.1 \u2014 Correspondence between this European Standard, the Commission Regulation N 1299\/2014 of 18 November 2014 on the technical specifications for interoperability relating to the \u2018infrastructure\u2019 subsystem of the rail system in the European U… <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 89<\/td>\n | Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Tracked Changes. Railway applications. Track. Concrete sleepers and bearers – General requirements<\/b><\/p>\n |