IES RP 30 2017

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IES RP-30-17 Recommended Practice for Museum and Art Gallery Lighting

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
IES	2017	154

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Category: IES

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Description

Museum and art gallery lighting design differs from any other type of lighting design because museum objects are unique and many are extremely sensitive to harm from light. The key to damage prevention is environmental control: elimination of atmospheric pollution, stabilization of temperature and humidity, and minimization of exposure to radiant energy. This Recommended Practice, intended primarily for the lighting designer, provides specific standards for satisfying the special requirements of museums and art galleries. Other decision makers, such as the museum administrator, the curator, the conservator, and the exhibit designer, can use this Practice to improve understanding and communication throughout the exhibition process. This Practice covers museum and art gallery lighting from a dozen perspectives: successful museum lighting introducing the concept of team decision making; design guidelines melding artistic basics with key technical considerations; damage to museum exhibits revealing why light causes deterioration and what can be done to minimize the effect; four typical lighting problems categorizing most display situations and the best methods to handle them; architectural aspects and daylight explaining how daylight “presence” can best be used; electric light sources describing the best and worst features of incandescent, fluorescent, and HID lights; luminaires and accessories concentrating on track lighting but also discussing recessed fixtures, pendant fixtures, and fiber optics; light controls explaining when to use manual switches or programmed systems; control of glare examining direct glare, reflected glare, and excess contrast; measurements and measuring instruments describing current techniques and equipment choices; lighting calculations presenting the accepted methodology with worked examples; and maintenance and budgets giving a comprehensive maintenance checklist and a sample database that costs out the lighting for a single large gallery. An extensive glossary defines both lighting and architectural terminology. Because museum and art gallery lighting design is attributed here to a collaboration between art and science, success depends upon team decisions. Decisions that must satisfy a diverse range of interests, expertise, and professional pride. Therefore, a systems approach to lighting design is advocated throughout this Practice. For example, artifact placement (relative to conservation needs) can greatly affect overall illumination levels, the curator’s intended message, and the physical layout of the museum/gallery. Therefore, the impact of lighting on museum occupants, artifacts, and the environment must be jointly considered. [Note: RP-30-96 is a “trial use” American National Standard.]

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages	PDF Title
1	Cover
3	Copyright
6	Contents
12	Foreword: Museums – By Howard Brandston 1.0 Introduction to Museum Design
13	1.1 Integrated Design 1.1.1 Collaboration with Museum Professionals 1.1.2 Collaboration with Architects, Engineers, Media Designers, and Contractors
14	2.0 Museum Categories and Criteria For Lighting Design Success 2.1 Types of Museums and Art Galleries
15	2.2 Criteria for Successful Museum Lighting 3.0 Controllable Qualities of Light
16	3.1 Illuminance (And Related Properties
17	3.1.1 Illuminance Criteria
18	3.1.2 Luminance 3.1.3 Irradiance 3.2 Light Distribution
20	3.2.1 Luminaire Photometry
21	3.2.2 Controlling the Distribution of Light
22	3.2.3 IES Method for Creating Focus
24	3.3 Color
25	3.3.1 Color Assessment Factor 1: The Effect of Illuminance on Color Appearance 3.3.2 Color Assessment Factor 2: Chromaticity
29	3.3.3 Color Assessment Factor 3: Color Rendering
32	3.3.4 Visual Assessment of Color Quality
34	3.3.5 Conclusion 3.4 Movement
35	3.5 Angle 3.5.1 Modeling of Three-Dimensional Forms 3.5.2 Location of Luminaires
38	3.5.3 Lighting the Background 3.5.4 You Cannot Light a Mirror
39	3.5.5 Sparkle and Nuisance Glare 3.5.6 Direct Glare
40	3.5.7 Veiling Reflections (Reflected Glare 3.5.8 Spatial Brightness Appearance 3.5.9 Glare Summary 3.6 Controllable Qualities of Light: Summary 4.0 Preservation of Light-Sensitive Materials
41	4.1 Damage Factor 1: A Material’s Susceptibility to Light 4.1.1 General Susceptibility to Damage Based on the SPD of the Light Source
42	4.1.2 Relative Rate of Damage Based on the Extent of Previous Exposure 4.1.3 Relative Rate of Damage over Time, Based on the Light Sensitivity of an Object
43	4.2 Damage Factor 2: The Concentration of Irradiance on The Surface of a Material 4.2.1 Illuminance
44	4.3 Damage Factor 3: Duration of Exposure and The Principle of Reciprocity
45	4.4 Damage Factor 4: The Spectral Power Distribution of Light Sources (UV, IR, and Visible 4.4.1 Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation
46	4.4.2 Infrared (IR) Radiation and Thermal Management
47	4.4.3 Spectrum of Visible Radiation
48	4.4.4 Specific Susceptibility to Damage Based on Light Source Spectrum
49	4.5 Preservation of Light-Sensitive Materials: Summary 5.0 The Lighting Design Process
50	5.1 Lighting Concept: Pre-Design Phase
51	5.2 Schematic Design: Assessment Phase
52	5.3 Design Development: Defining Solutions Phase 5.4 Construction Documentation: Final Design Phase 5.5 Contract Administration: Commissioning and Installation Phase
53	5.6 Project Completion: Reflection on Design and Lessons Learned 6.0 Typical Lighting Solutions For Museum Exhibitions 6.1 Flat Objects On Vertical Surfaces
54	6.1.1 Wall Wash
55	6.1.2 Spotlights 6.2 Large-Scale Three-Dimensional Objects 6.2.1 Minimizing Glare
56	6.3 Exhibit Cases 6.3.1 Built-In Cases
57	6.3.2 Freestanding Cases: General Considerations 6.3.3 Freestanding Glass Cases: Four-Sided Plus Solid Top 6.3.4 Freestanding Glass Cases: Four-Sided Plus Glass Top (Five-Sided
58	6.3.5 Grand Cases 6.3.6 Mini-cases 6.3.7 Table Cases with Flat Tops 6.3.8 Table Cases: Lectern Type 6.3.9 Wall Cases 6.3.10 Common Elements of Display Cases
59	6.3.11 Case Checklist
60	6.3.12 Case Reflections
63	6.4 Dioramas
64	6.4.1 Concealed Lighting Locations 6.4.2 Dual Lighting 6.5 Typical Lighting Solutions: Summary 7.0 Luminaires, Light Sources, and Accessories
65	7.1 Basic Types of Luminaires Used for Direct Lighting 7.1.1 Lamp-Based Performance Luminaires 7.1.2 Integrated Performance Luminaires
66	7.2 Incumbent Source vs. Replacement or Retrofit Source 7.3 Luminaire Construction And Safety 7.4 Efficacy, Efficiency, and Life
67	7.5 Flicker
68	7.5.1 Measurement of Flicker 7.6 Museum Lighting Applications and Techniques: Relationship to Luminaires 7.6.1 Special Effects Lighting
69	7.6.2 Safety and Security with Track Lighting
70	7.6.3 Picture Lights 7.7 Luminaire Accessories 7.7.1 Glass Spread Lenses and Beam Softeners 7.7.2 Dichroic Glass and Narrow B Filters
71	7.7.3 UV and IR Filtering 7.7.4 Filters, Color Filters, and Thin Film Diffusers 7.7.5 Glare Control
72	7.7.6 Beam Manipulation and Pattern Projection
73	7.8 Track Lighting 7.8.1 Codes and Safety Requirements for Track Lighting Systems 7.8.2 Track Systems
75	7.9 Fiberoptic Systems
76	8.0 Daylighting the Museum Environment 8.1 Daylight in Architectural Lighting Design 8.1.1 Sunlight 8.1.2 Sky Light
77	8.1.3 Reflected Light from Sun or Sky 8.2 Energy and Damage 8.2.1 Light and Ultraviolet (UV) Energy
78	8.2.2 Non-Visible Spectrum (IR 8.3 Daylighting Design in Museums 8.3.1 Daylight as Object Illuminant 8.3.2 Daylight as Architectural Illuminant
79	8.3.3 View Provision 8.3.4 Visual Comfort 8.3.5 Energy Savings 8.4 Daylighting Techniques and Typologies 8.4.1 Sidelighting
80	8.4.2 Toplighting
82	8.4.3 Combinative Strategies 8.4.4 Shading Devices 8.5 Performance Metrics 8.5.1 Object Illuminance and Luminance
83	8.5.2 Values Used to Assess Damage or Risk: Maximum Instantaneous Value 8.5.3 Values Used to Assess Damage or Risk: Cumulative Value 8.5.4 Values Used to Assess Damage or Risk: SDF Curves 8.5.5 Recommended Ratios and Maximum Value
84	8.5.6 Glare 8.5.7 Damage Concerns 8.6 Color Metrics 8.6.1 SPD, Chromaticity, and Correlated Color Temperature (CCT 8.6.2 Color Rendering Index (CRI 8.7 Documentation and Testing 8.7.1 Daylighting Specifications
88	8.7.2 Programming and Verification 8.7.3 Commissioning 8.7.4 Operational Issues
89	9.0 Lighting Control Systems 9.1 The Lighting Design and Lighting Controls Team 9.1.1 The Lighting Designer 9.1.2 Lighting Control Systems Integrators 9.2 The Design and Engineering Process 9.2.1 Lighting Control Protocols
90	9.2.2 Developing System Specifications 9.2.3 Submittals 9.3 Types of Lighting Controls 9.3.1 Switches, Wall Box Dimmers, and Contactors 9.3.2 Circuit-Level Automated Controls 9.3.3 Integration of Lighting Controls with Other Systems
91	9.4 Control System Fundamentals and Hardware Elements 9.4.1 Sensors 9.4.2 User Interfaces with the Lighting Control System
92	9.4.3 Control Locations 9.5 Matching Power Control Equipment with Light Sources 9.5.1 Controlling Incandescent Lamps 9.5.2 Controlling Fluorescent Lamps 9.5.3 Controlling Metal Halide Lamps 9.5.4 Controlling LEDs
93	10.0 Lighting Design, Economics, and Maintenance 10.1 Designer’s Insight 10.2 Maintenance 10.2.1 Maintenance Checklist 10.2.2 Access to Service Luminaires 10.3 Lighting Budgets and Economics 10.3.1 Factors Related to Direct Cost of Light
94	10.3.2 Initial Equipment Investment Analysis 10.3.3 Life Cost Cycle Benefit Analysis 11.0 Sustainable Lighting Design for Museums and Art Galleries 11.1 Environmental Impact 11.2 Human Health Impacts
95	11.3 Sustainable Design Process 11.3.1 Programming and Schematic Design 11.3.2 Design Development and Construction Documentation 11.3.3 Construction and Commissioning 11.4 Sustainable Lighting in Museums and Galleries 11.5 Strategies for Sustainability 11.5.1 Light Source Selection
96	11.5.2 Automated Controls 11.5.3 Life Cycle Analysis 11.5.4 Proper Disposal 11.6 Other Resources
97	Annex A – IES Recommended Illuminance Targets
100	Annex B – IES Illuminance Recommendations for Specific Applications
116	Annex C – Sensitivity of Colored Materials to Light and UV Energy
118	Annex D – Flow Chart for Managing Light-Sensitive Materials
119	Annex E – Control Protocols
121	Annex F – Light Measurement Tools and Techniques
122	Annex G – Lighting for Special Events in Museums and Art Galleries
124	Annex H – Fundamental Factors of Artifact Visibility
125	Annex I – Electric Light Source Considerations
130	Annex J – Sample Luminaire Schedules
131	Annex K – Lighting Calculations
135	Annex L – Museum Terms
136	Annex M – General Lighting Terms
151	End References