ACI 234R 06 2006
$47.94
234R-06: Guide for the Use of Silica Fume in Concrete (Reapproved 2012)
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| ACI | 2006 | 63 |
This report describes the physical and chemical properties of silica fume; how silica fume interacts with portland cement; the effects of silica fume on the properties of fresh and hardened concrete; recent typical applicationsof silica-fume concrete; how silica-fume concrete is proportioned, specified,and handled in the field; and areas where additional research is needed. Keywords: curing; durability; high-range water-reducing admixture; high-strength concrete; placing; plastic-shrinkage cracking; silica fume; time ofsetting; water-reducing admixture; workability.
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 1 | CONTENTS |
| 2 | CHAPTER 1— INTRODUCTION 1.1— General |
| 3 | 1.2—What is silica fume? |
| 4 | 1.3—Silica fume versus other forms of silica 1.3.1 Synthetic silica 1.3.2 Natural silica 1.4—Using silica fume in concrete 1.5—Using silica fume in blended cements |
| 5 | 1.6—Worldwide availability of silica fume 1.7—Types of silica fume products available 1.7.1 As-produced silica fume 1.7.2 Silica-fume slurry 1.7.3 Densified (compacted) silica fume 1.7.4 Pelletized silica fume |
| 6 | 1.8—Health hazards 1.9—Environmental impact CHAPTER 2— PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SILICA FUME 2.1—Color 2.2—Specific gravity 2.3—Bulk density 2.3.1 As-produced silica fume 2.3.2 Slurried silica fume |
| 7 | 2.3.3 Densified (compacted) silica fume 2.4—Fineness, particle shape, and oversize material 2.5—Chemical composition |
| 8 | 2.6—Crystallinity 2.7—Variability 2.8—Relating physical and chemical properties to performance in concrete |
| 9 | 2.9—Quality control CHAPTER 3— MECHANISMS BY WHICH SILICA FUME MODIFIES CEMENT PASTE, MORTAR, AND CONCRETE 3.1—General |
| 10 | 3.2—Physical effects 3.2.1 Reduced bleeding 3.2.2 Provision of nucleation sites 3.2.3 Particle packing 3.3—Chemical effects |
| 11 | 3.4–Microstructure modifications 3.4.1 Cement paste-aggregate transition zone |
| 12 | 3.4.2 Porosity |
| 13 | 3.5—Self-desiccation and water of hydration 3.6—Autogenous shrinkage (volume change) |
| 14 | 3.7—Chemical composition of pore fluid |
| 15 | 3.8—Reactions in combination with fly ash or ground- granulated blast- furnace slag 3.9–Reactions with different types of portland cements 3.10—Heat of hydration |
| 16 | 3.11—Reactions with chemical admixtures 3.11.1 High-range water-reducing admixtures 3.11.2 Calcium chloride 3.11.3 Nonchloride accelerators 3.11.4 Corrosion inhibitors |
| 17 | 3.11.5 Air-entraining admixtures 3.11.6 Compatibility with admixture combinations CHAPTER 4— EFFECTS OF SILICA FUME ON PROPERTIES OF FRESH CONCRETE 4.1— Water demand 4.2—Workability 4.3—Slump loss 4.4—Time of setting 4.5—Segregation 4.6—Bleeding and plastic shrinkage 4.7—Color of concrete |
| 18 | 4.8—Air entrainment 4.9—Bulk density (unit weight) of fresh concrete 4.10—Evolution of hydrogen gas CHAPTER 5— EFFECTS OF SILICA FUME ON PROPERTIES OF HARDENED CONCRETE 5.1— General |
| 19 | 5.2—Mechanical properties 5.2.1 Modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s ratio 5.2.2 Creep 5.2.3 Total shrinkage |
| 20 | 5.2.4 Compressive strength |
| 21 | 5.2.5 Flexural and splitting tensile strengths |
| 22 | 5.2.6 Bond strength 5.3—Durability aspects 5.3.1 Transport properties 5.3.1.1 Terminology |
| 23 | 5.3.1.2 Permeability 5.3.1.3 Water absorption— 5.3.1.4 Chloride-ion penetration resistance |
| 24 | 5.3.2 Freezing-and-thawing resistance 5.3.2.1 Freezing- and-thawing resistance |
| 25 | 5.3.2.2 Scaling resistance 5.3.2.3 Air-void system parameters 5.3.3 Chemical attack resistance |
| 26 | 5.3.4 Abrasion- erosion and abrasion resistance 5.3.5 Fire resistance |
| 27 | 5.3.6 Alkali- aggregate reaction expansion |
| 29 | 5.3.7 Sulfate resistance |
| 30 | 5.4—Miscellaneous properties 5.4.1 Electrical resistivity |
| 32 | 5.4.2 Thermal properties 5.4.3 Silica-fume concrete and cracking 5.4.3.1 Early-age cracking |
| 33 | 5.4.3.2 Later-age cracking 5.5—Use of silica fume in combination with fibers 5.6—Use of silica fume in ternary blends 5.6.1 Use of silica fume in conjunction with fly ash |
| 34 | 5.6.2 Use of silica fume in conjunction with GGBFS |
| 35 | 5.7—Property variations with respect to type, source, and form of delivery of silica fume CHAPTER 6— APPLICATIONS OF SILICA FUME IN CONCRETE 6.1—Tsing Ma Bridge, Hong Kong |
| 36 | 6.2—311 South Wacker Drive, Chicago 6.3—Kuala Lumpur City Center, Malaysia |
| 37 | 6.4—Kinzua Dam Stilling Basin, United States 6.5—Stolma Bridge, Norway 6.6—Highway bridges, United States |
| 38 | 6.7—Parking structures, United States CHAPTER 7— SPECIFICATIONS 7.1— General 7.2—Specifying silica fume 7.2.1 Properties of silica fume 7.2.2 United States standards |
| 39 | 7.2.3 Canadian standards 7.2.4 Standards from outside North America 7.2.5 Standard reference silica fume 7.3—Specifying silica-fume admixtures |
| 40 | 7.4—Specifying silica-fume blended cement 7.5—Specifying silica-fume concrete |
| 41 | 7.5.1 Measuring, batching, and mixing 7.5.2 Placing and consolidating 7.5.3 Finishing 7.5.4 Protecting and curing 7.5.5 Preconstruction testing CHAPTER 8— PROPORTIONING SILICA- FUME CONCRETE MIXTURES 8.1— General 8.2—Cement and silica fume content 8.3—Water content |
| 42 | 8.4—Aggregate 8.5—Chemical admixtures 8.6—Proportioning |
| 45 | 8.7—Ternary mixtures CHAPTER 9— WORKING WITH SILICA FUME IN FIELD CONCRETE 9.1— Transporting and handling silica fume and silica fume admixture products 9.1.1 Dry silica fume |
| 46 | 9.1.2 Slurried silica fume 9.2—Producing concrete 9.2.1 Dry silica fume 9.2.2 Slurried silica fume 9.2.3 Mixing silica- fume concrete 9.3—Transporting |
| 47 | 9.4—Placing 9.5—Finishing 9.5.1 Plastic- shrinkage cracking 9.6—Curing |
| 48 | 9.7—Accelerated curing CHAPTER 10— RESEARCH NEEDS 10.1—Frost resistance 10.2—Scaling resistance 10.3—Sulfate attack 10.4—Drying shrinkage and creep |
| 49 | 10.5—Steel corrosion 10.6—Long-term durability 10.7—Rheology of fresh concrete 10.8—Mechanism of strength development 10.9—Role of silica fume in special concretes 10.10—Effect of silica fume on hydration 10.11—Later-age cracking CHAPTER 11— REFERENCES 11.1— Referenced standards and reports |
| 51 | 11.2—Cited references |
