{"id":559941,"date":"2024-11-05T18:25:38","date_gmt":"2024-11-05T18:25:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/esdu-tn-080082009\/"},"modified":"2024-11-05T18:25:38","modified_gmt":"2024-11-05T18:25:38","slug":"esdu-tn-080082009","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/esdu\/esdu-tn-080082009\/","title":{"rendered":"ESDU TN 08008:2009"},"content":{"rendered":"

INTRODUCTION<\/strong><\/p>\n

In this Technical Note, the ESDU CFD validation studies are
\npresented for the prediction of friction losses and flow
\ncharacteristics in straight circular pipes with smooth walls.<\/p>\n

Understanding of pipe friction and associated flow
\ncharacteristics in different flow regimes is fundamental to the
\nunderstanding of boundary layer development and turbulence
\nmodelling in internal flow engineering applications such as viscous
\ndrag and heat-transfer processes.<\/p>\n

Typical industrial CFD applications of pipe flow include systems
\nwhere pipes are part of a more complex domain, such as aircraft
\nducts, pipe fittings, heat exchangers, various components of power
\ngeneration plants, etc. In more general CFD applications, straight
\nlong pipes are often used to set inlet and outlet boundary
\nconditions. At inlet boundaries, they are used as an artificial
\nextension of the inlet to the investigated flow domain to allow the
\nnatural development of duct boundary layers. At outlet boundaries,
\nstraight pipes are used as an artificial extension to the outlet of
\nthe investigated flow domain to reduce the influence of the outlet
\nlocal fluid dynamics on the CFD predictions. In all such
\napplications, it is essential to reduce the sensitivity of CFD
\npredictions of friction losses to mesh density and distribution,
\npipe length required for fully-developed flow, boundary conditions
\nand turbulence modelling.<\/p>\n

Accurate prediction of the friction losses and flow
\ncharacteristics in straight pipes is one of the most challenging
\nproblems in CFD. Although direct numerical simulation (DNS) and
\nlarge eddy simulation (LES) are used in research, in industry
\nReynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) methods are largely
\nused.<\/p>\n

The purpose of this work is to provide guidance on the CFD
\nmodelling of friction losses and flow characteristics in:<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0straight circular pipes with smooth walls,<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0laminar, transitional and turbulent flow regimes,<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0swirl-free, uniform inlet velocity conditions,<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0fully-developed exit flow conditions,<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0steady-state flow conditions,<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0incompressible flow of single-phase, Newtonian liquids
\nand gases.<\/p>\n

\u2022\u00a0employing commercial CFD packages typically used in the
\nindustry, i.e<\/i>. finite volume RANS code with
\nlow-Reynolds-number turbulence and transition correlation-based
\n\u2018bypass' modelling capabilities.<\/p>\n

Extensions to rough pipes and to compressible flow will be
\nconsidered in future work.<\/p>\n

Three types of meshes were considered: 2D-axisymmetric
\nhexahedral meshes, 3D purely tetrahedral meshes and 3D tetrahedral
\nmeshes with prismatic layers. Pipes with different lengths were
\ntested in laminar, transitional and turbulent flow at Reynolds
\nnumbers ranging 1 less than Re<\/i> less than
\n107<\/sup>.<\/p>\n

Three different turbulence models were considered with different
\nnear-wall treatments: the k – e with SCALABLE near-wall treatment,
\nk – ? with AUTOMATIC near-wall treatment and SST with AUTOMATIC
\nnear-wall treatment. Three transition models were considered: the
\nSST specific-?, SST ? and SST ?-Re<\/i>?<\/sub> models.
\nDetailed CFD validation studies on transitional flow are presented
\nin ESDU TN 08009.<\/p>\n

A brief description of the fundamental fluid mechanics in
\nstraight pipes is given in Section 3. In this section,
\ncorrelations, measurements and DNS predictions in the literature
\nfor friction losses and flow characteristics in straight pipes are
\nreviewed. The methodology used in the CFD predictions is described
\nin Section 4.<\/p>\n

The ESDU CFD predictions for the different meshes, pipe lengths,
\nReynolds number and turbulence models are discussed in Section 5
\nand compared to experimental data and correlations in Section 6.
\nBest Practice Guidelines on mesh density and distribution, setting
\nof boundary conditions and turbulence modelling are given in
\nSection 7. Overviews on the CFD modelling of turbulent and
\ntransitional flows are given in Appendices A and B,
\nrespectively.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

CFD Studies for the Validation of Friction Losses and Flow Characteristics in Circular Straight Pipes with Smooth Walls<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Published By<\/td>\nPublication Date<\/td>\nNumber of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ESDU<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n2009-12<\/td>\n111<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":559951,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[2675],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-559941","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-esdu","8":"first","9":"instock","10":"sold-individually","11":"shipping-taxable","12":"purchasable","13":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/559941","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/559951"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=559941"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=559941"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=559941"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}