This part of IEC 61292, which is a technical report, deals with distributed Raman amplification (DRA). The main purpose of the report is to provide background material for future standards (specifications, test methods and operating procedures) relating to DRA. The report covers the following aspects:<\/p>\n
general overview of Raman amplification;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
applications of DRA;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
performance characteristics and test methods related to DRA;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
operational issues relating to the deployment of DRA.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
As DRA is a relatively young technology, and still rapidly evolving, some of the material in this report may become obsolete or irrelevant in a relatively short period. This technical report will be frequently updated in order to minimize this possibility.<\/p>\n
| PDF Pages<\/th>\n | PDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4<\/td>\n | CONTENTS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 6<\/td>\n | FOREWORD <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 8<\/td>\n | INTRODUCTION <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 9<\/td>\n | 1 Scope 2 Normative references <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 10<\/td>\n | 3 Abbreviated terms 4 Background 4.1 General 4.2 Raman amplification process <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 11<\/td>\n | Figures Figure 1 \u2013 Stimulated Raman scattering process (left) and Raman gain spectrum for silica fibres (right) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 12<\/td>\n | 4.3 Distributed vs. lumped amplification 4.4 Tailoring the Raman gain spectrum Figure 2 \u2013 Distributed vs. lumped amplification <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 13<\/td>\n | 4.5 Forward and backward pumping configuration Figure 3 \u2013 The use of multiple pump wavelengths to achieve flat broadband gain Figure 4 \u2013 Simulation results showing pump and signal propagation along an SMF span in forward (right plot) and backward (left plot) pumping configurations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 14<\/td>\n | 4.6 Typical performance of DRA <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 15<\/td>\n | 5 Applications of distributed Raman amplification 5.1 General 5.2 All-Raman systems Figure 5 \u2013 On-off gain and equivalent NF for SMF using a dual pump backward DRA with pumps at 1 424 nm and 1 452 nm <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 16<\/td>\n | 5.3 Hybrid EDFA Raman systems Figure 6 \u2013 Typical configuration of an amplification site in an all-Raman system <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 17<\/td>\n | 6 Performance characteristics and test methods 6.1 General <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 18<\/td>\n | 6.2 Performance of the Raman pump module Figure 7 \u2013 Typical configuration of a Raman pump module used for counter-propagating DRA <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 20<\/td>\n | 6.3 System level performance Figure 8 \u2013 Model for signal insertion loss (IL) of a Raman pump module used for counter-propagating DRA <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 21<\/td>\n | Figure 9 \u2013 Typical configuration used to measure on of gain (a) for co-propagating DRA and (b) for counter-propagating DRA <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 23<\/td>\n | 7 Operational issues 7.1 General 7.2 Dependence of Raman gain on transmission fibre <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 24<\/td>\n | 7.3 Fibre line quality 7.4 High pump power issues Figure 10 \u2013 Variations of Raman on-off gain for different transmission fibres <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 26<\/td>\n | 8 Conclusions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | ||||||
| 27<\/td>\n | Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Optical amplifiers – Distributed Raman amplification<\/b><\/p>\n |