BS EN 15863:2015
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Characterization of waste. Leaching behaviour test for basic characterization. Dynamic monolithic leaching test with periodic leachant renewal, under fixed conditions
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| BSI | 2015 | 66 |
This European Standard is applicable for determining the leaching behaviour of monolithic wastes under dynamic conditions. The test is performed under fixed experimental conditions in this document. This test is aimed at determining the release as a function of time of inorganic constituents from a monolithic waste, when it is put into contact with an aqueous solution (leachant).
This dynamic monolithic leaching test (DMLT) is a parameter specific test as specified in EN 12920 and is therefore not aimed at simulating real situations. The application of this test method alone is not sufficient for the determination of the detailed leaching behaviour of a monolithic waste under specified conditions.
In the framework of EN 12920 and in combination with additional chemical information, the test results are used to identify the leaching mechanisms and their relative importance. The intrinsic properties can be used to predict the release of constituents at a given time frame, in order to assess the leaching behaviour of monolithic waste materials, placed in different situations or scenarios (including disposal and recycling scenarios).
The test method applies to regularly shaped test portions of monolithic wastes with minimum dimensions of 40 mm in all directions that are assumed to maintain their integrity over a time frame relevant for the considered scenario. The test method applies to test portions for which the geometric surface area can be determined with the help of simple geometric equations. The test method applies to low permeable monolithic materials.
Within the reproducibility ranges, the leaching results obtained with EN 15863 are expected to be equivalent to those obtained with CEN/TS 16637-2 (DMLT for construction products), because the main testing conditions are equalized in both standards. As shown in the results obtained with EN 15863 (see Annex E), they are also demonstrated to be comparable with US EPA method 1315 (SW846). These observations imply that a monolithic waste tested with this European Standard, does not need to be tested a second time, when the material proves suitable for beneficial use in construction and provided it has not undergone a treatment or other changes modifying its leaching behaviour.
If, in order to comply with the requirements of regular shape, the test portion is prepared by cutting or coring, then new surfaces are exposed which can lead to change(s) in leaching properties. On the other hand if the test portion is prepared by moulding, the surface will be dependent to the type of mould and the conditions of storage. If the intention is to evaluate the behaviour of the material core, the specimen needs to be stored without any contact with air to avoid carbonation.
For monolithic waste materials with a saturated hydraulic conductivity higher than 10 −8 m/s water is likely to percolate through the monolith rather than flow around. In such cases relating the release to the geometric surface can lead to misinterpretation. A percolation test is more appropriate then (e.g. CEN/TS 14405 ).
This procedure may not be applicable to materials reacting with the leachant, leading for example to excessive gas emission or an excessive heat release.
This document has been developed to determine the release of mainly inorganic constituents from wastes. It does not take into account the particular characteristics of organic constituents, nor the consequences of microbiological processes in organic degradable wastes.
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 4 | Contents Page |
| 6 | Foreword |
| 7 | Introduction |
| 9 | 1 Scope 2 Normative references |
| 10 | 3 Terms and definitions |
| 12 | 4 Principle 5 Reagents |
| 13 | 6 Equipment |
| 14 | 7 Sample preparation 7.1 General 7.2 Preparation of the test portion 7.3 Determination of the geometric surface area |
| 15 | 8 Procedure 8.1 Testing conditions 8.2 Step 1 of the leaching procedure 8.3 Steps 2 – 8 of the leaching procedure |
| 16 | Table 1 — Time intervals for eluates collection 8.4 Weight loss of the monolithic waste during the test 8.5 Further preparation of the eluates for analysis |
| 17 | 8.6 Blank test 9 Calculations 9.1 Expression of results 9.1.1 General |
| 18 | 9.1.2 Expression of results in terms of area related release |
| 19 | 9.1.3 Expression of results in concentrations 9.1.4 Calculation of release mechanism 10 Performance characteristics Table 2 — Typical values and observed ranges of the repeatability and reproducibility limits |
| 20 | 11 Documentation and test report 11.1 General 11.2 General data 11.3 Leaching test conditions 11.4 Analytical report |
| 21 | 11.5 Results of the leaching test |
| 22 | Annex A (informative) Identification of release mechanisms and use of test results A.1 Introduction A.2 Examples of factors influencing the leaching of monolithic waste |
| 24 | A.3 Long term release prediction |
| 25 | Annex B (informative) Assessment of release mechanisms (if required) B.1 Overview of release mechanisms Figure B.1 — Release pattern of diffusion (left) and dissolution (right) |
| 26 | B.2 Procedure of identification of release mechanisms |
| 27 | Figure B.2 — Summary of the procedure for identifying the release mechanism and specifying the level of release B.3 Concentrations close to the limit of quantification B.3.1 Overall low concentrations |
| 28 | B.3.2 Surface wash-off followed by low concentrations B.4 Diffusion controlled release of a substance B.4.1 Identification of diffusion controlled release |
| 30 | B.4.2 Surface wash-off preceding diffusion-controlled release B.4.3 Diffusion-controlled release followed by depletion B.4.4 Surface wash-off preceding diffusion-controlled release followed by depletion B.5 Dissolution controlled release of a substance |
| 31 | B.6 Other release mechanism B.6.1 Unidentified release mechanism B.6.2 Surface wash-off of a substance |
| 32 | B.6.3 Depletion of a substance |
| 33 | B.6.4 Surface wash-off and depletion B.7 Calculation of release B.7.1 Area release B.7.2 Surface wash-off B.7.3 Release in the case of dissolution B.7.4 Extrapolation of the cumulative area release for larger time values |
| 34 | Table B.1 — Calculation of the area release for time values greater than 64 days B.8 Examples |
| 38 | Figure B.3 |
| 42 | Figure B.4 |
| 46 | Figure B.5 |
| 50 | Figure B.6 — Interpretation of shortened DSL-tests for factory production control |
| 51 | Table B.2 — Calculation of the area release for shortened DSL-tests |
| 53 | Annex C (informative) Examples of data about the L/A ratio Table C.1 — Vessel dimensions in relation with specimen of different sizes and/or shapes (based on L/A = 8) |
| 54 | Annex D (informative) Process map for EN 15863 Figure D.1 |
| 55 | Figure D.2 |
| 56 | Annex E (informative) Repeatability and reproducibility data E.1 Material used in the interlaboratory comparison study Table E.1 — Material type tested and substances analysed in the interlaboratory comparison of – Determination of release of substances from monolithic stabilized waste E.2 Interlaboratory comparison results |
| 57 | Table E.2 — Results of the interlaboratory comparison studies of – Determination of the release of substances from monolithic stabilized waste |
| 63 | Bibliography |
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BS EN 15863:2015 – TC:2020 Edition
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