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BS 7533-101:2021

BS 7533-101:2021

$215.11

Pavements constructed with clay, concrete or natural stone paving units – Code of practice for the structural design of pavements using modular paving units

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2021 92
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PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
7 Foreword
9 1 Scope
2 Normative references
11 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
16 Figure 1 — Pavement layers
Figure 2 — Pavement layers over a structural slab
17 4 General design criteria
4.1 Design options
4.2 Evaluation of traffic
18 Table 1 — Standard axles per commercial vehicle
Table 2a — Traffic categories for unbound construction
19 Table 2b — Traffic categories for bound construction
20 Table 3 — Recommended maximum traffic categories for paving unit types
4.3 Slip/skid resistance for concrete, clay and stone paving units
21 Table 4 — Recommended USRV and PPV/PSRV for concrete, clay and stone paving units
5 Materials
5.1 Foundation materials
5.2 Base materials
22 5.3 Laying course materials for unbound surface construction
Table 5 — Grading of laying course for unbound laying material in all traffic categories
Table 6 — Fines content of unbound laying course material
23 Table 7 — Grading for unbound laying course material for natural stone slabs in all traffic categories and cropped natural stone setts in traffic categories 1 to 4
Table 8 — Grading for unbound laying course material for cropped natural stone setts in traffic categories 5 to 9
5.4 Laying course materials for bound surface construction
24 Table 9 — Bedding mortar characteristics
25 Table 10 — Recommended aggregate properties for site-batched non-proprietary bedding mortar
5.5 Jointing materials for unbound surface construction
Table 11 — Grading for jointing material for concrete, clay and sawn sided stone paving units
26 5.6 Jointing materials for bound surface construction
Table 12 — Jointing mortar characteristics
5.7 Paving units
29 Table 13 — Maximum recommended abrasion resistance A)
30 Table 14 — Maximum recommended water absorption A)
5.8 Kerbs
31 6 Design
6.1 Subgrade assessment
Table 15 — Estimated CBR values based on equilibrium suction-index
33 6.2 Foundation design
Table 16 — Foundation design thickness – sub-base only design
34 Table 17 — Foundation design thickness – Sub-base on capping design
35 6.3 Frost susceptibility
6.4 Types of construction
36 6.5 Concrete blocks, clay pavers and unbound sawn-sided stone setts
37 Table 18 — Concrete block, clay paver and unbound sawn-sided sandstone sett design thicknesses
38 Table 19 — Recommended maximum traffic categories for typical laying patterns
6.6 Concrete flags and stone slabs
39 Table 20 — Minimum flag thickness for Bound B installation only
Table 21 — Maximum recommended traffic categories for standard concrete flag designations
40 Table 22 — Stone slab and concrete flag design load
Table 23 — Surface construction factor for stone slab and non-standard concrete flag design
Table 24 — Base design thickness for flags and slabs
41 6.7 Natural stone setts
42 Table 25 — Minimum sett width
Table 26 — Pattern factor for laying patterns using natural stone setts
43 Table 27 — Unfactored module thickness (T)
Table 28 — Base design thickness for natural stone setts laid unbound and bound
44 Table 29 — Joint widths for cropped setts laid unbound
Table 30 — Minimum joint widths for setts laid bound
6.8 Kerbing and linear drainage
45 Table 31 — Concrete for kerb bases
Table 32 — Kerb bedding mortar
46 6.9 Construction over a structural deck
6.10 Management of moisture in the pavement structure
7 Pavement overlay design
7.1 Evaluation of existing pavement
47 7.2 Determination of overlay feasibility
48 Table 33 — Material conversion factors (MCF) for evaluating highway pavement materials
Table 34 — Condition factor CF1
Table 35 — Condition factor CF2
8 Construction details
8.1 Restraint
49 8.2 Surface falls and drainage
Table 36 — Recommended surface gradients
8.3 Detailing around curves and corners
8.4 Vehicular crossings
8.5 Detailing around features
50 8.6 Steps using modular paving units
51 8.7 Movement joints
54 Annex A (normative)  Conditions to be applied to the test procedure specified in BS EN 1097‑1:2011 for determination of the resistance to wear (modified micro-Deval) of laying course material for unbound construction
55 Annex B (normative)  A simple permeameter test
56 Annex C (informative)  Factory production control test for proprietary bedding mortar
57 Annex D (informative)  Commentary on natural stone properties
60 Annex E (informative)  Examples of laying patterns
Figure E.1 — Concrete block, clay paver and sett laying patterns
61 Figure E.2 — Typical concrete block, clay paver and sawn sett edge details
Figure E.3 — Examples of laying patterns that incorporate complimentary fittings
62 Figure E.4 — Inboard cuts and half cuts adjacent to a single stretcher course
63 Figure E.5 — Examples of laying patterns for natural stone setts
64 Figure E.6 — Concrete flag and stone sett laying patterns for bound and unbound construction
Annex F (informative)  Examples of the minimum thickness of natural stone slabs laid bound or unbound in all appropriate traffic categories
Table F.1 — Stone slabs ≤600 mm (unbound) with flexural strength 8.0 MPa
65 Table F.2 — Stone slabs ≤600 mm (unbound) with flexural strength 12.0 MPa
Table F.3 — Stone slabs ≤600 mm (unbound) with flexural strength 15.0 MPa
Table F.4 — Stone slabs ≤600 mm (unbound) with flexural strength 25.0 MPa
Table F.5 — Stone slabs >600 mm (unbound) with flexural strength 8.0 MPa
Table F.6 — Stone slabs >600 mm (unbound) with flexural strength 12.0 MPa
66 Table F.7 — Stone slabs >600 mm (unbound) with flexural strength 15.0 MPa
Table F.8 — Stone slabs >600 mm (unbound) with flexural strength 25.0 MPa
Table F.9 — Stone slabs ≤600 mm (Bound system A) with flexural strength 8.0 MPa
Table F.10 — Stone slabs ≤600 mm (Bound system A) with flexural strength 12.0 MPa
67 Table F.11 — Stone slabs ≤600 mm (Bound system A) with flexural strength 15.0 MPa
Table F.12 — Stone slabs ≤600 mm (Bound system A) with flexural strength 25.0 MPa
Table F.13 — Stone slabs >600 mm (Bound system A) with flexural strength 8.0 MPa
Table F.14 — Stone slabs >600 mm (Bound system A) with flexural strength 12.0 MPa
Table F.15 — Stone slabs >600 mm (Bound system A) with flexural strength 15.0 MPa
Table F.16 — Stone slabs >600 mm (Bound system A) with flexural strength 25.0 MPa
68 Table F.17 — Stone slabs (Bound system B) with flexural strength 8.0 MPa
Table F.18 — Stone slabs (Bound system B) with flexural strength 12.0 MPa
Table F.19 — Stone slabs (Bound system B) with flexural strength 15.0 MPa
Table F.20 — Stone slabs (Bound system B) with flexural strength 25.0 MPa
69 Annex G (informative)  Typical sett thickness for various traffic categories
70 Table G.1 — Minimum design thickness for unbound surface construction using cropped setts
71 Table G.2 — Minimum design thickness for bound surface construction system A using natural stone setts
72 Table G.3 — Minimum design thickness for bound surface construction system B using natural stone setts
73 Annex H (informative)  Procedure for determining the design depth of setts with length greater than twice the width
74 Annex I (informative)  Typical edge restraint and linear drainage details
Figure I.1 — Example of intermediate restraint between areas of construction (light traffic)
Figure I.2 — Example of intermediate restraint between areas of construction (light traffic)
75 Figure I.3 — Example of transition restraint between modular construction and different construction
Figure I.4 — Example of visible concrete transition restraint between modular construction and different construction
76 Figure I.5 — Example of a hidden concrete transition between modular construction and different construction
Figure I.6 — Example of a deep channel transition restraint between modular construction and different construction
77 Figure I.7 — Example of a shallow channel transition restraint between modular construction and different construction
Figure I.8 — Example of a linear drainage channel interface with an unbound modular pavement
78 Figure I.9 — Typical details around types of drainage channels in unbound modular paving
79 Figure I.10 — Example of a linear drainage channel in bound construction modular paving, employing low modulus movement joints to protect drainage channel from thermal movement in adjacent paving (transverse joint)
Annex J (informative)  Pavement overlay worked examples
Table J.1 — Overlay example existing pavement layers
80 Table J.2 — Overlay example determination of existing equivalent asphalt thickness
Table J.3 — Overlay example determination of required equivalent asphalt thickness
Table J.4 — Inlay example existing pavement layers
81 Table J.5 — Inlay example determination of existing equivalent asphalt thickness
Table J.6 — Inlay example determination of required equivalent asphalt thickness
82 Annex K (informative)  Typical construction details
Figure K.1 — Trimming around obstructions – detail at ironwork
83 Figure K.2 — Example of a ramped crossing
84 Figure K.3 — Example of a dropped crossing
Figure K.4 — Example of a run-out corner
85 Figure K.5 — Example of a new town corner
Figure K.6 — Example of a bonded corner
86 Figure K.7 — Example of a splayed corner
Figure K.8 — Example of a profile of a step constructed using small paving units
87 Figure K.9 — Example of a monolithic step laid onto a profiled concrete foundation (step on step)
Figure K.10 — Example of a monolithic step laid onto a profiled concrete foundation (step behind step)
88 Figure K.11 — Example of a flag/slab tread and riser laid onto a profiled concrete foundation
Annex L (informative)  Typical movement joint details
Figure L.1 — Example of an induced contraction joint in bound surface construction
89 Figure L.2 — Example of a pavement expansion joint using shallow channels
Figure L.3 — Example of a pavement expansion joint using deep channels
90 Bibliography

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