ACI 543R 12:2012 Edition
$52.81
543R-12 Guide To Design, Manufacture, and Installation of Concrete Piles
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| ACI | 2012 | 68 |
This report presents recommendations to assist the design architect/engineer, manufacturer, construction engineer, and contractor in the design, manufacture, and installation of most types of concrete piles. Keywords: augered piles; bearing capacity; composite construction; concrete piles; corrosion; drilled piles; foundations; harbor structures; loads; prestressed concrete; quality control; steel reinforcement; soil mechanics; storage; tolerances.
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 3 | CONTENTS |
| 4 | CHAPTER 1— INTRODUCTION 1.1—General 1.2—Types of piles 1.2.1 Precast concrete piles |
| 5 | 1.2.1.1 Reinforced concrete piles 1.2.1.2 Prestressed concrete piles 1.2.1.3 Sectional precast concrete piles 1.2.2 Cast-in-place concrete piles 1.2.3 Enlarged-tip piles 1.2.4 Drilled-in caissons 1.2.5 Mandrel-driven tip 1.2.6 Composite concrete piles 1.2.7 Drilled piles 1.2.7.1 Cast-in-drilled-hole piles |
| 6 | 1.2.7.2 Foundation drilled piers or caissons 1.2.7.3 Auger-grout or concrete-injected piles 1.2.7.4 Drilled-displacement piles 1.2.7.5 Drilled and grouted piles 1.2.7.6 Postgrouted piles 1.3—Design considerations |
| 7 | CHAPTER 2— NOTATION AND DEFINITIONS 2.1—Notation 2.2—Definitions CHAPTER 3— GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 3.1—General |
| 8 | 3.2—Subsurface conditions 3.2.1 End-bearing piles 3.2.2 Friction bearing piles 3.2.3 Combined friction and end-bearing piles 3.3—Bearing capacity of individual piles |
| 9 | 3.3.1 Load testing |
| 10 | 3.3.2 Resistance to penetration of piles during driving |
| 11 | 3.3.2.1 Dynamic formulas 3.3.2.2 Wave-equation analysis |
| 12 | 3.3.2.3 Dynamic measurements and analysis |
| 13 | 3.3.3 Static-resistance analysis 3.3.4 Rock sockets for drilled-in caissons 3.3.5 Relaxation and soil freeze |
| 14 | 3.3.6 Compaction 3.3.7 Liquefaction 3.3.8 Heave and flotation 3.4—Settlement 3.5—Group action in compression 3.6—Pile spacing |
| 15 | 3.7—Lateral support 3.8—Batter piles 3.9—Axial load distribution 3.10—Long-term performance 3.10.1 Long-term consolidation and negative skin friction |
| 16 | 3.10.2 Lateral displacement 3.10.3 Vibration consolidation 3.10.4 Groundwater 3.10.5 Scour 3.11—Lateral capacity |
| 17 | 3.12—Uplift capacity |
| 18 | CHAPTER 4— STRUCTURAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 4.1—General 4.2—Loads and stresses to be resisted 4.2.1 Temporary loads and stresses 4.2.1.1 Handling stresses 4.2.1.2 Driving stresses 4.2.1.3 Tensile and shear stresses 4.2.1.4 Seismic stresses 4.2.2 Permanent loads and stresses 4.2.2.1 Dead- and live-load stresses |
| 19 | 4.2.2.2 Negative skin friction 4.3—Structural strength design and allowable service capacities 4.3.1 General approach to structural capacity 4.3.2 Strength design methods |
| 20 | 4.3.2.1 Compressive strength 4.3.2.2 Flexural strength 4.3.2.4 Tensile strength |
| 21 | 4.3.2.4 Strength under combined axial and flexuralloading 4.3.2.5 Shear strength 4.3.2.6 Development of reinforcement 4.3.2.7 Special considerations for uncased CIS piles 4.3.2.8 Prestressed piles |
| 22 | 4.3.3 Allowable axial service capacities for concentrically-loaded, laterally-supported piles |
| 23 | 4.3.3.1 Concentric compression 4.3.3.2 Concentric tension 4.3.3.3 Special considerations for prestressed piles 4.3.4 Laterally unsupported piles |
| 24 | 4.3.5 Piles in trestles 4.4—Installation and service conditions affecting design 4.4.1 Pile-head location tolerances 4.4.2 Axial alignment tolerances |
| 25 | 4.4.3 Corrosion 4.4.4 Splices 4.4.5 Subsoil behavior affecting pile design capacity 4.4.6 Effect of vibration on concrete |
| 26 | 4.4.7 Bursting of hollow-core prestressed piles 4.5—Other design and specification considerations 4.5.1 Pile dimensions 4.5.2 Pile shells 4.5.3 Reinforcement 4.5.3.1 Reinforcement for precast concrete piles 4.5.3.2 Reinforcement for precast prestressed piles 4.5.3.3 Effective prestress |
| 27 | 4.5.3.4 Reinforcement for CIP and CIS concrete piles 4.5.3.5 Stubs in prestressed piles 4.5.3.6 Cover for reinforcement 4.5.4 Concrete for CIP and CIS concrete piles 4.5.5 Pile-to-pile cap connections |
| 28 | 4.5.6 Pile integrity investigations |
| 29 | CHAPTER 5— SEISMIC DESIGN AND DETAILING CONSIDERATIONS 5.1—Introduction 5.2—General seismic impacts on pile behavior |
| 30 | 5.3—Seismic pile behavior 5.3.1 Liquefaction 5.3.2 Observed pile behavior during earthquakes |
| 31 | 5.4—Geotechnical and structural design considerations |
| 32 | 5.5—Seismic detailing of concrete piles 5.5.1 General |
| 33 | 5.5.2 Transverse confinement reinforcement for piling 5.5.2.1 Uniform Building Code 1997 provisions 5.5.2.2 PCI 1993 provisions |
| 34 | 5.5.2.3 ACI 318 provisions 5.5.2.4 NEHRP 2003 and IBC 2006 provisions |
| 35 | 5.5.3 Seismic axial reinforcement for piling |
| 36 | 5.5.4 Pile-to-cap connections |
| 37 | 5.5.5 Needed research 5.6—Vertical accelerations CHAPTER 6— MATERIALS 6.1—Concrete 6.1.1 Cementitious materials 6.1.1.1 Cement |
| 38 | 6.1.1.2 Fly ash 6.1.1.3 Slag cement 6.1.2 Aggregates 6.1.3 Water 6.1.4 Admixtures 6.1.4.1 Air-entraining admixtures 6.1.4.2 Other admixtures 6.1.4.3 Chlorides 6.1.4.4 Calcium chloride 6.1.5 Water-cementitious material proportions 6.1.5.1 Guidelines 6.1.5.2 Cement content |
| 39 | 6.1.5.3 Water content 6.1.6 Control tests 6.1.6.1 Slump tests 6.1.6.2 Air content tests 6.1.6.3 Unit weight measurements 6.1.6.4 Strength tests 6.1.6.5 Maturity testing |
| 40 | 6.1.6.6 Curing temperatures 6.2—Grout 6.3—Reinforcement and prestressing materials 6.3.1 Reinforcement 6.3.2 Prestressing strand 6.3.3 Prestressing wire 6.3.4 Prestressing bars 6.3.5 Epoxy-coated reinforcement |
| 41 | 6.4—Steel casing 6.4.1 Load-bearing casing 6.4.2 Non-load-bearing casing 6.5—Structural steel cores and stubs 6.6—Splices CHAPTER 7— MANUFACTURE OF PRECAST CONCRETE PILES 7.1—General 7.2—Forms 7.2.1 General requirements 7.2.2 Type 7.2.3 End forms |
| 42 | 7.2.4 Chamfers and rounded corners 7.2.5 Hollow cores 7.3—Placement of steel reinforcement 7.3.1 General requirements 7.3.2 Placement of unstressed steel reinforcement 7.3.3 Placement of prestressed reinforcement 7.3.4 Dowel placement 7.3.5 Detensioning prestressed strands 7.3.6 Pile end conditions 7.4—Embedded items 7.4.1 Embedded items 7.4.2 Embedded jet pipes 7.5—Mixing, transporting, placing, and curing concrete 7.5.1 Mixing 7.5.2 Transporting |
| 43 | 7.5.3 Placing 7.5.3.1 Long-line casting 7.5.3.2 Centrifugal casting 7.5.4 Finish 7.5.5 Curing 7.5.5.1 Water curing 7.5.5.2 Membrane curing 7.5.5.3 Accelerated curing |
| 44 | 7.6—Pile manufacturing 7.6.1 Post-tensioned 7.6.2 Prestressing 7.6.3 Tolerances 7.7—Handling and storage |
| 45 | CHAPTER 8— INSTALLATION OF CONCRETE PILES 8.1—Purpose and scope 8.2—Installation equipment, techniques, and methods 8.2.1 Pile-driving hammers 8.2.1.1 Drop hammers |
| 46 | 8.2.1.2 Externally powered hammers 8.2.1.3 Diesel hammers |
| 47 | 8.2.1.4 Vibratory hammers 8.2.2 Weight and thrust 8.2.3 Drive heads 8.2.4 Capblocks and cushions 8.2.5 Mandrels |
| 48 | 8.2.6 Jetting 8.2.7 Predrilling |
| 49 | 8.2.8 Drilling open-ended pipe piles 8.2.9 Spudding and driving through obstructions 8.2.10 Followers 8.3—Prevention of damage to piling during installation 8.3.1 Damage to precast or prestressed piling during driving 8.3.1.1 Pile-head spalling |
| 50 | 8.3.1.2 Pile-tip spalling 8.3.1.3 Transverse cracks 8.3.1.4 Diagonal cracks 8.3.1.5 Internal-bursting cracks |
| 51 | 8.3.1.6 Allowable cracks 8.3.2 Good driving practice for prestressed or precast concrete piles |
| 52 | 8.3.3 Bulging and distortion of heads of steel pipe 8.3.4 Dogleg and bent piles 8.3.5 Misalignment of piles 8.3.6 Distortion of piles 8.3.7 Distortion of pile tips 8.3.8 Enlarged-tip piles |
| 53 | 8.3.9 Pile heave and flotation 8.4—Handling and positioning during installation 8.4.1 Handling 8.4.2 Positioning 8.4.3 Control of alignment 8.4.3.1 8.4.3.2 8.4.3.3 8.4.4 Protection against bending 8.4.5 Pulling into position 8.5—Reinforcing steel and steel core placement 8.5.1 General 8.5.2 Dowels |
| 54 | 8.5.3 Steel cores 8.6—Concrete placement for CIP and CIS piles 8.6.1 Factors affecting placement |
| 55 | 8.6.2 Inspection before concreting 8.6.3 Leaking of piles 8.6.4 Concrete mixture proportions 8.6.5 Concrete placement methods and techniques 8.6.5.1 Dry placement |
| 56 | 8.6.5.2 Underwater placement 8.6.6 Concrete consolidation and vibration 8.6.7 Obstruction to concrete placement 8.6.8 Compaction of uncased pile |
| 57 | 8.6.9 Cast-in-drilled-hole piles 8.6.10 Auger-grout or concrete-injected piles 8.6.11 Drilled and grouted piles 8.7—Pile details 8.7.1 Tips |
| 58 | 8.7.2 Shoes for precast piles 8.7.3 Stubs for prestressed piles 8.7.4 Splices 8.7.4.1 8.7.4.2 8.7.4.3 8.7.4.4 8.7.5 Cutoff of precast or prestressed piles 8.7.6 Extension of precast piles |
| 59 | 8.8—Extraction of concrete piles 8.9—Concrete sheet piles 8.9.1 Installation 8.9.2 Special care 8.9.3 Grouting of joints CHAPTER 9— REFERENCES 9.1—Referenced standards and reports |
| 61 | 9.2—Cited references |
