ACI 533R 11:2012 Edition
$47.40
533R-11 Guide for Precast Concrete Wall Panels
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| ACI | 2012 | 52 |
This guide presents recommendations for precast concrete wall panels. It should be used with ACI 318-08, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Reinforced Concrete,” which is legally binding when adopted by the local authority. This guide discusses the basic principles of design, tolerances, materials, fabrication, installation, quality requirements, and testing. Keywords: admixtures; aggregates; architectural concrete; coatings; cracking (fracturing); curing; deflection; design; drying shrinkage; fabrication; formwork; inspection; installation joints (junction); precast concrete panels; repairs; sandwich panels; sealants; structural design; surface defects; tolerances; volume change.
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 3 | CONTENTS |
| 4 | CHAPTER 1— GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 1.1—Introduction 1.2—Scope 1.3—Responsibility 1.3.1 General 1.3.2 Structural design |
| 5 | 1.3.3 Reinforcement for handling and installation 1.3.4 Adequacy of connections 1.3.5 Handling and installation responsibilities 1.3.5.1 Cleaning 1.3.5.2 Furnishing attachment and handling hardware 1.3.5.3 Execution of connections 1.3.6 Shop drawing approval 1.4—Aesthetic considerations 1.4.1 Design reference samples |
| 6 | 1.4.2 Range samples CHAPTER 2— NOTATION AND DEFINITIONS 2.1—Notation 2.2—Definitions CHAPTER 3— WALL PANEL DESIGN 3.1—Introduction 3.1.1 Panel classes 3.1.1.1 Non-load-bearing panel (cladding) 3.1.1.2 Load-bearing panel 3.1.2 Panel types 3.1.2.1 Solid panel 3.1.2.2 Hollow-core panel 3.1.2.3 Sandwich panel 3.1.2.4 Ribbed panel |
| 7 | 3.2—Design guidelines 3.2.1 General 3.2.2 Forces for design 3.2.3 ACI 318-08 provisions applicable for member design 3.2.4 Combined bending and axial load 3.2.4.1 General 3.2.4.2 Approximate evaluation of slenderness effect 3.2.5 Reinforcement 3.3—Effective dimensions 3.3.1 Effective thickness 3.3.1.1 General 3.3.1.2 Architectural faced panels 3.3.1.3 Solid, hollow-core, and ribbed panels 3.3.1.4 Sandwich panels |
| 8 | 3.3.1.5 Panels of irregular shape 3.3.2 Effective width 3.4—Limiting dimensions 3.4.1 General 3.4.2 Distance between supports 3.5—Serviceability 3.5.1 General |
| 9 | 3.5.2 Computed permissible deflections— 3.5.3 Cracking 3.5.3.1 Acceptability of cracking 3.5.3.2 Crack prevention and control 3.5.3.3 Limit on flexural tension 3.6—Connections 3.6.1 General |
| 10 | 3.6.2 Panel movement 3.6.3 Bearing seats 3.6.4 Haunches 3.6.5 Panel inserts 3.6.6 Fire resistance 3.6.7 Weld design 3.7—Architectural features 3.7.1 Drip details |
| 11 | 3.7.2 Joint size and location CHAPTER 4— TOLERANCES 4.1—General 4.2—Reasons for tolerances 4.3—Role of engineer/architect |
| 12 | 4.4—Product tolerances for wall panels 4.4.1 General 4.4.2 Dimensional tolerances 4.4.3 Warping and bowing 4.5—Installation tolerances for wall panels 4.5.1 Discussion |
| 13 | 4.5.2 Control points and benchmarks 4.5.3 Joint problems 4.6—Interfacing considerations 4.6.1 General 4.6.2 Building frame tolerances |
| 14 | 4.6.3 Mixed construction 4.6.4 Steel building frames |
| 15 | 4.7—Clearances and tolerances for constructibility 4.7.1 Suggested minimum clearances 4.7.2 Connection problems CHAPTER 5— MATERIALS 5.1—Introduction |
| 16 | 5.2—Portland cement 5.2.1 General 5.2.2 Single source 5.2.3 Storage 5.2.4 Sampling 5.2.5 Mill certifications 5.3—Aggregates for structural or backup concrete 5.4—Facing aggregates 5.4.1 Grading 5.4.1.1 General 5.4.1.2 Gap grading of facing aggregates 5.4.1.3 Schedule of sizes 5.4.2 Types and quality of facing aggregates 5.4.2.1 General |
| 17 | 5.4.2.2 Specific surface color and texture 5.4.2.3 Durability concerns 5.4.2.4 Staining 5.4.2.5 Glass or ceramic aggregates 5.5—Admixtures 5.5.1 General 5.5.2 Air-entraining admixtures 5.5.3 Mineral admixtures and pozzolans 5.5.4 Accelerating admixtures 5.5.5 Retarding admixtures 5.5.6 Water reducing admixtures 5.5.7 Viscosity modifiers 5.5.8 Coloring materials 5.5.8.1 Pigments |
| 18 | 5.6—Insulating materials and wythe connectors for insulated sandwich walls 5.6.1 Insulation 5.6.2 Wythe connectors 5.6.2.1 Concrete 5.6.2.2 Steel ties 5.6.2.3 Steel trusses 5.6.2.4 Glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite connectors 5.6.2.5 Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) shear trusses |
| 19 | 5.7—Reinforcement 5.7.1 Deformed reinforcing bars 5.7.2 Welded-wire reinforcement 5.7.3 Prestressing materials 5.7.4 Corrosion protection of reinforcement 5.7.4.1 Galvanizing 5.7.4.2 Epoxy coating 5.7.4.3 Other coatings 5.7.4.4 Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) grids 5.7.4.5 Stainless steel welded-wire reinforcement 5.8—Inserts and miscellaneous hardware 5.8.1 Expansion anchors 5.8.2 Corrosion protection 5.9—Curing materials and sealers 5.9.1 Curing materials |
| 20 | 5.9.2 Surface sealers 5.9.2.1 Silicone sealer performance 5.9.2.2 Other sealers 5.10—Joint sealants and fillers 5.10.1 Mortars 5.10.2 Elastomeric sealants 5.10.3 Joint fillers 5.11—Chemical retarders 5.11.1 General 5.11.2 Depth of reveal |
| 21 | 5.12—Form release agents 5.12.1 General 5.12.2 Chemically active release agents 5.12.3 Emulsion type agents 5.12.4 Petroleum-derived agents 5.12.5 Applying release agents to formwork CHAPTER 6— PANEL FABRICATION AND DELIVERY 6.1—General requirements 6.1.1 Preparation of design calculations, fabrication, and installation drawings 6.1.2 Fabrication facilities |
| 22 | 6.1.3 Fabrication and storage areas 6.2—Molds (Forms and casting beds) 6.2.1 General 6.2.1.1 Dimensional stability and integrity |
| 23 | 6.2.2 Steel casting beds and steel molds |
| 24 | 6.2.3 Concrete molds 6.2.4 Wood molds 6.2.5 GFRP molds 6.2.6 Form liners |
| 25 | 6.2.7 Verification and maintenance 6.3—Concrete proportioning and mixing 6.3.1 Introduction 6.3.2 Water-cement ratio and consistency (slump) |
| 26 | 6.3.3 Proportioning 6.3.3.1 Facing and backup mixtures 6.3.4 Mixing 6.3.4.1 Mixing time 6.3.4.2 Cold weather 6.3.4.3 Hot weather 6.3.4.4 Lightweight concrete 6.3.4.5 Architectural concrete 6.4—Reinforcement and wythe connectors 6.4.1 Prestressing 6.4.1.1 General |
| 27 | 6.4.1.2 Stringing the strands 6.4.1.3 Jacking 6.4.1.4 Strand detensioning 6.4.2 Reinforcement cage assemblies 6.4.2.1 Welding of reinforcement |
| 28 | 6.4.3 Wythe connectors for insulated panels 6.4.3.1 Steel trusses, plates, and connectors 6.4.3.2 Metal ties 6.4.3.3 High-strength FRP composite connectors 6.4.3.4 Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) reinforcement 6.5—Concrete placement 6.5.1 Transportation 6.5.2 Segregation 6.5.3 Consolidation 6.5.3.1 External vibration 6.5.3.2 Drop-table vibration 6.5.3.3 Internal vibration |
| 29 | 6.5.4 Facing concrete 6.6—Surface finishes 6.6.1 General methods 6.6.2 Chemical surface retarders 6.6.2.1 Applying retarder |
| 30 | 6.6.3 Abrasive blasting to expose aggregate |
| 31 | 6.6.4 Honing and polishing 6.6.5 Acid etching 6.7—Concrete curing 6.7.1 Introduction |
| 32 | 6.7.2 Curing recommendations 6.7.3 Curing techniques 6.7.3.1 Curing temperature 6.7.3.2 Steam curing 6.7.3.3 Curing in storage 6.8—Storage 6.8.1 General 6.8.2 Protection |
| 33 | 6.8.3 Storage of thin flat panels 6.9—Delivery 6.9.1 Protection during shipping 6.9.2 Economical panel sizes CHAPTER 7— INSTALLATION 7.1—Planning and preparation 7.1.1 Coordination |
| 34 | 7.1.2 Responsibilities for precast installation 7.1.3 Access 7.1.4 Identifying hazards 7.1.5 Project meetings 7.1.6 Contract documents 7.1.7 Preinstallation check |
| 35 | 7.1.7.1 7.1.7.2 7.1.7.3 7.1.7.4 7.1.7.5 7.1.7.6 7.2—Unloading and handling 7.2.1 General |
| 36 | 7.2.2 Delivery sequence 7.2.2.1 7.2.2.2 7.2.3 Lifting devices 7.2.3.1 7.2.3.2 7.2.3.3 7.2.3.4 |
| 37 | 7.2.3.5 7.2.3.6 7.3—Job-site storage 7.3.1 General 7.3.1.1 7.3.1.2 7.3.1.3 7.3.2 Panel support 7.4—Installation 7.4.1 Workmanship |
| 38 | 7.4.1.1 7.4.1.2 7.4.2 Equipment 7.4.2.1 7.4.2.2 7.4.2.3 7.4.3 Bracing and guying 7.4.4 Safety 7.4.4.1 |
| 39 | 7.4.4.2 7.4.4.3 7.4.5 Alignment 7.4.6 Connections 7.4.6.1 Bolted connections 7.4.6.2 Welded connections 7.4.6.3 Post-tensioned connections 7.4.6.4 Dowels and grouting |
| 40 | 7.5—Tolerances 7.5.1 7.5.2 7.5.3 7.5.4 7.6—Cleaning 7.6.1 Cleaning procedures 7.6.2 Stubborn stains |
| 41 | 7.6.2.1 Sandblasting and steam cleaning 7.6.2.2 7.6.2.3 7.6.2.4 7.6.2.5 Cleaning sealed panels 7.7—Patching and repairing 7.7.1 General 7.7.2 Written repair procedures 7.7.3 Determining when to repair |
| 42 | 7.7.4 Developing repair mixture 7.7.5 Chips and spalls 7.7.6 Smooth finishes 7.7.7 Formliner finishes 7.7.8 Exposed aggregate finishes 7.7.9 Sandblasted finishes 7.7.10 Honed or polished surfaces |
| 43 | 7.7.11 Curing of repairs 7.7.12 Blending color differential 7.7.13 Crack repair— CHAPTER 8— QUALITY REQUIREMENTS AND TESTS 8.1—Introduction 8.1.1 General 8.1.2 Incoming materials |
| 44 | 8.1.3 In-process QA/QC 8.1.4 Product finish 8.1.5 Nonconforming materials 8.2—Unacceptable defects 8.3—Structural adequacy 8.4—Prestressing 8.5—Materials 8.5.1 General 8.5.2 Reinforcing steel 8.5.3 Welded assemblies 8.5.4 Concrete 8.5.4.1 Cement |
| 45 | 8.5.4.2 Aggregates 8.5.4.3 Admixtures 8.5.4.4 Mixing water 8.5.4.5 Pigments 8.6—Testing fresh concrete 8.6.1 Consistency 8.6.1.1 Slump 8.6.1.2 Consistometer 8.6.2 Air content 8.6.3 Unit weight 8.6.4 Temperature 8.7—Testing hardened concrete 8.7.1 General 8.7.2 Durability |
| 46 | 8.7.3 Absorption 8.7.3.1 Procedure for absorption tests 8.7.4 Test specimens 8.7.5 Molds 8.7.6 Compressive strength test specimens 8.7.6.1 Test cylinders 8.7.6.2 Cube test specimens 8.7.6.3 Curing considerations |
| 47 | 8.7.7 Tests of finished panels 8.7.7.1 Core tests 8.7.7.2 Rebound hammer 8.7.7.3 Pullout tests 8.7.7.4 Penetration probe 8.7.7.5 Pulse velocity 8.8—Documentation CHAPTER 9— REFERENCES |
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