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BSI PD IEC/TR 61869-102:2014

BSI PD IEC/TR 61869-102:2014

$198.66

Instrument transformers – Ferroresonance oscillations in substations with inductive voltage transformers

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2014 60
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This part of IEC 61869 provides technical information for understanding the undesirable phenomenon of ferroresonance oscillations in medium voltage and high voltage networks in connection with inductive voltage transformers. Ferroresonance can cause considerable damage to voltage transformers and other equipment. Ferroresonance oscillations may also occur with other non-linear inductive components.

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PDF Pages PDF Title
4 CONTENTS
7 FOREWORD
9 INTRODUCTION
10 1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Introduction to ferroresonance oscillations
3.1 Definition of ferroresonance
11 Figures
Figure 1 – Example of a typical magnetisation characteristic of a ferromagnetic core
Figure 2 – Schematic diagram of the simplest ferroresonance circuit
12 3.2 Excitation of steady state and non-steady state ferroresonance oscillations
Tables
Table 1 – Types of excitation and possible developments of ferroresonance oscillations
13 Figure 3 – Examples of measured single-phase ferroresonance oscillationwith 162/3 Hz oscillation
14 4 Single phase and three phase oscillations
4.1 Single phase ferroresonance oscillations
Figure 4 – Schematic diagram of a de-energised outgoing feeder bay with voltage transformers as an example in which single-phase ferroresonance oscillations can occur
15 4.2 The simplified circuit for the single phase ferroresonance oscillations
Figure 5 – Diagram of a network situation that tends toward single-phase ferroresonance oscillations, in which they can be excited and maintained overthe capacitive coupling of parallel overhead power line systems
16 Figure 6 – Electrical circuits for theoretical analysis of a single-phase ferroresonance oscillation
17 4.3 Capacitive voltage transformers
4.4 Three-phase ferroresonance oscillations
4.4.1 General
4.4.2 Configuration
Figure 7 – Insulated network as an example of a schematic diagram of a situation in which a three-phase ferroresonance oscillation can occur
18 4.4.3 Ferroresonance generation
4.4.4 Resulting waveform of ferroresonance oscillation
19 Figure 9 – Laboratory test set used by Bergmann
20 Figure 10 – Domains in the capacitance C and line voltage U where different harmonic and sub-harmonic ferroresonance oscillations are obtained for a given resistance R of 6,7 Ω in Bergmann’s test set
Figure 11 – Domains in the capacitance C and line voltage U where second sub-harmonic ferroresonance oscillations are obtained for a variation of the resistance R in Bergmann’s test set
21 4.4.5 Typical oscillogram of three phase ferroresonance
Figure 12 – Domains in the capacitance C and line voltage U where different modes of second sub-harmonic ferroresonance oscillations are obtained for a given resistance R of 6,7 Ω in Bergmann’s test set
22 5 Examples of ferroresonance configurations
5.1 Single-phase ferroresonance power line field in a 245 kV outdoor substation
Figure 13 – Fault recorder display of a three-phase ferroresonance oscillation
23 Figure 14 – Switching fields in the 245 kV substation in which single-phase ferroresonances occur
24 5.2 Single phase ferroresonance oscillations due to line coupling
26 Figure 17 – Tower schematic of the common stretch of overhead lines between substations 1 and 2
Figure 18 – Ferroresonance oscillations recorded in line no. 5 at Substation 2
27 5.3 Three-phase ferroresonance oscillations
28 6 Inductive voltage transformer (key parts)
Figure 20 – Oscillograms of the three-phase voltages at inductive voltage transformer T04 (Figure 19)
29 Figure 21 – Schematic circuit of voltage transformer and the simplification for ferroresonace studies
30 7 The circuit of the single-phase ferroresonance configuration
7.1 Schematic diagram
31 7.2 Magnetisation characteristic
Figure 22 – Circuit for the analysis of single-phase ferroresonance oscillation
32 7.3 Circuit losses
Figure 23 – Example of a hysteresis curve of a voltage transformer core measured at 50 Hz
33 8 Necessary information for ferroresonance investigation
8.1 General
8.2 Single phase ferroresonance
Table 2 – Parameters
34 8.3 Three phase ferroresonance
Figure 24 – Schematic diagram for three phase ferroresonance oscillation
35 9 Computer simulation of ferroresonance oscillations
9.1 General
9.2 Electrical circuit and circuit elements
9.3 Circuit losses
9.4 Examples of simulation results for single phase ferroresonance oscillations
9.4.1 General
36 9.4.2 Case 1: Transient, decreasing ferroresonance oscillation
9.4.3 Case 2: Steady-state ferroresonance oscillation at network frequency
Figure 25 – Transient decreasing ferroresonance oscillation with the fifthsubharmonic 50/5 Hz (10 Hz)
37 9.4.4 Case 3: Steady-state subharmonic ferroresonance oscillation
Figure 26 – Steady state ferroresonance oscillation with network frequency
38 9.4.5 Case 4: Steady-state chaotic ferroresonance oscillation
Figure 27 – Steady state ferroresonance oscillation with 10 Hz
39 9.5 Simulation of three phase ferroresonance
Figure 28 – Steady state chaotic ferroresonance oscillation
40 10 Experimental investigations, test methods and practical measurements
10.1 General
10.2 Single-phase ferroresonance oscillations
41 Figure 29 – Example of the connection of a measuring resistor for capturing the current signal through the voltage transformer’s primary winding at terminal N (see connection diagram in Figure 30)
42 Figure 30 – Current measurement through voltage transformer’s primary winding and the voltage at the secondary winding
43 10.3 Three-phase ferroresonance oscillations
Figure 31 – Measurement of a single-phase ferroresonance oscillation
44 11 Avoidance and suppression of ferroresonance oscillations
11.1 Flow diagram
Figure 32 – Measurement of three-phase ferroresonance oscillations with an oscilloscope
45 Figure 33 – Flow diagram for analysis and avoidance of ferroresonance oscillations
46 11.2 Existing substations
11.3 New projects
11.4 Avoidance of ferroresonance oscillations
11.4.1 General
11.4.2 Single phase ferroresonance oscillations
47 11.4.3 Three phase ferroresonance oscillations
11.5 Damping of ferroresonance oscillation
11.5.1 General
11.5.2 Single-phase ferroresonance oscillations
Figure 34 – Electrical circuit with damping device (red circles) connected to the secondary winding of the voltage transformer
48 Figure 35 – Example of successful damping of single-phase ferroresonance oscillations of 162/3 Hz
49 11.5.3 Three-phase-ferroresonance oscillations
Figure 36 – Damping of the ferroresonance oscillation in the open delta connection of the voltage transformers in the feeder bay
50 Figure 37 – Damping of ferroresonance oscillations with voltage transformer in the star point of the power transformer
51 Annex A (informative) Oscillations in non-linear circuits
Figure A.1 – A simplified electrical circuit for the analysis of ferroresonance oscillation
54 Figure A.2 – Diagram for the derivation of non-linear differential equation of second order
55 Figure A.3 – A non-linear oscillation system
56 Bibliography

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BSI PD IEC/TR 61869-102:2014
$198.66