BSI PD IEC/TR 61869-102:2014
$198.66
Instrument transformers – Ferroresonance oscillations in substations with inductive voltage transformers
| Published By | Publication Date | Number of Pages |
| BSI | 2014 | 60 |
This part of IEC 61869 provides technical information for understanding the undesirable phenomenon of ferroresonance oscillations in medium voltage and high voltage networks in connection with inductive voltage transformers. Ferroresonance can cause considerable damage to voltage transformers and other equipment. Ferroresonance oscillations may also occur with other non-linear inductive components.
PDF Catalog
| PDF Pages | PDF Title |
|---|---|
| 4 | CONTENTS |
| 7 | FOREWORD |
| 9 | INTRODUCTION |
| 10 | 1 Scope 2 Normative references 3 Introduction to ferroresonance oscillations 3.1 Definition of ferroresonance |
| 11 | Figures Figure 1 – Example of a typical magnetisation characteristic of a ferromagnetic core Figure 2 – Schematic diagram of the simplest ferroresonance circuit |
| 12 | 3.2 Excitation of steady state and non-steady state ferroresonance oscillations Tables Table 1 – Types of excitation and possible developments of ferroresonance oscillations |
| 13 | Figure 3 – Examples of measured single-phase ferroresonance oscillationwith 162/3 Hz oscillation |
| 14 | 4 Single phase and three phase oscillations 4.1 Single phase ferroresonance oscillations Figure 4 – Schematic diagram of a de-energised outgoing feeder bay with voltage transformers as an example in which single-phase ferroresonance oscillations can occur |
| 15 | 4.2 The simplified circuit for the single phase ferroresonance oscillations Figure 5 – Diagram of a network situation that tends toward single-phase ferroresonance oscillations, in which they can be excited and maintained overthe capacitive coupling of parallel overhead power line systems |
| 16 | Figure 6 – Electrical circuits for theoretical analysis of a single-phase ferroresonance oscillation |
| 17 | 4.3 Capacitive voltage transformers 4.4 Three-phase ferroresonance oscillations 4.4.1 General 4.4.2 Configuration Figure 7 – Insulated network as an example of a schematic diagram of a situation in which a three-phase ferroresonance oscillation can occur |
| 18 | 4.4.3 Ferroresonance generation 4.4.4 Resulting waveform of ferroresonance oscillation |
| 19 | Figure 9 – Laboratory test set used by Bergmann |
| 20 | Figure 10 – Domains in the capacitance C and line voltage U where different harmonic and sub-harmonic ferroresonance oscillations are obtained for a given resistance R of 6,7 Ω in Bergmann’s test set Figure 11 – Domains in the capacitance C and line voltage U where second sub-harmonic ferroresonance oscillations are obtained for a variation of the resistance R in Bergmann’s test set |
| 21 | 4.4.5 Typical oscillogram of three phase ferroresonance Figure 12 – Domains in the capacitance C and line voltage U where different modes of second sub-harmonic ferroresonance oscillations are obtained for a given resistance R of 6,7 Ω in Bergmann’s test set |
| 22 | 5 Examples of ferroresonance configurations 5.1 Single-phase ferroresonance power line field in a 245 kV outdoor substation Figure 13 – Fault recorder display of a three-phase ferroresonance oscillation |
| 23 | Figure 14 – Switching fields in the 245 kV substation in which single-phase ferroresonances occur |
| 24 | 5.2 Single phase ferroresonance oscillations due to line coupling |
| 26 | Figure 17 – Tower schematic of the common stretch of overhead lines between substations 1 and 2 Figure 18 – Ferroresonance oscillations recorded in line no. 5 at Substation 2 |
| 27 | 5.3 Three-phase ferroresonance oscillations |
| 28 | 6 Inductive voltage transformer (key parts) Figure 20 – Oscillograms of the three-phase voltages at inductive voltage transformer T04 (Figure 19) |
| 29 | Figure 21 – Schematic circuit of voltage transformer and the simplification for ferroresonace studies |
| 30 | 7 The circuit of the single-phase ferroresonance configuration 7.1 Schematic diagram |
| 31 | 7.2 Magnetisation characteristic Figure 22 – Circuit for the analysis of single-phase ferroresonance oscillation |
| 32 | 7.3 Circuit losses Figure 23 – Example of a hysteresis curve of a voltage transformer core measured at 50 Hz |
| 33 | 8 Necessary information for ferroresonance investigation 8.1 General 8.2 Single phase ferroresonance Table 2 – Parameters |
| 34 | 8.3 Three phase ferroresonance Figure 24 – Schematic diagram for three phase ferroresonance oscillation |
| 35 | 9 Computer simulation of ferroresonance oscillations 9.1 General 9.2 Electrical circuit and circuit elements 9.3 Circuit losses 9.4 Examples of simulation results for single phase ferroresonance oscillations 9.4.1 General |
| 36 | 9.4.2 Case 1: Transient, decreasing ferroresonance oscillation 9.4.3 Case 2: Steady-state ferroresonance oscillation at network frequency Figure 25 – Transient decreasing ferroresonance oscillation with the fifthsubharmonic 50/5 Hz (10 Hz) |
| 37 | 9.4.4 Case 3: Steady-state subharmonic ferroresonance oscillation Figure 26 – Steady state ferroresonance oscillation with network frequency |
| 38 | 9.4.5 Case 4: Steady-state chaotic ferroresonance oscillation Figure 27 – Steady state ferroresonance oscillation with 10 Hz |
| 39 | 9.5 Simulation of three phase ferroresonance Figure 28 – Steady state chaotic ferroresonance oscillation |
| 40 | 10 Experimental investigations, test methods and practical measurements 10.1 General 10.2 Single-phase ferroresonance oscillations |
| 41 | Figure 29 – Example of the connection of a measuring resistor for capturing the current signal through the voltage transformer’s primary winding at terminal N (see connection diagram in Figure 30) |
| 42 | Figure 30 – Current measurement through voltage transformer’s primary winding and the voltage at the secondary winding |
| 43 | 10.3 Three-phase ferroresonance oscillations Figure 31 – Measurement of a single-phase ferroresonance oscillation |
| 44 | 11 Avoidance and suppression of ferroresonance oscillations 11.1 Flow diagram Figure 32 – Measurement of three-phase ferroresonance oscillations with an oscilloscope |
| 45 | Figure 33 – Flow diagram for analysis and avoidance of ferroresonance oscillations |
| 46 | 11.2 Existing substations 11.3 New projects 11.4 Avoidance of ferroresonance oscillations 11.4.1 General 11.4.2 Single phase ferroresonance oscillations |
| 47 | 11.4.3 Three phase ferroresonance oscillations 11.5 Damping of ferroresonance oscillation 11.5.1 General 11.5.2 Single-phase ferroresonance oscillations Figure 34 – Electrical circuit with damping device (red circles) connected to the secondary winding of the voltage transformer |
| 48 | Figure 35 – Example of successful damping of single-phase ferroresonance oscillations of 162/3 Hz |
| 49 | 11.5.3 Three-phase-ferroresonance oscillations Figure 36 – Damping of the ferroresonance oscillation in the open delta connection of the voltage transformers in the feeder bay |
| 50 | Figure 37 – Damping of ferroresonance oscillations with voltage transformer in the star point of the power transformer |
| 51 | Annex A (informative) Oscillations in non-linear circuits Figure A.1 – A simplified electrical circuit for the analysis of ferroresonance oscillation |
| 54 | Figure A.2 – Diagram for the derivation of non-linear differential equation of second order |
| 55 | Figure A.3 – A non-linear oscillation system |
| 56 | Bibliography |
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BSI PD IEC/TR 61869-102:2014
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