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ASHRAE 103 2017

ASHRAE 103 2017

$37.38

ASHRAE Standard 103-2017 – Method of Testing for Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency of Residential Central Furnaces and Boilers (ANSI Approved)

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
ASHRAE 2017 82
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Standard 103 provides procedures for determining the annual fuel utilization efficiency of residential central furnaces and boilers. The standard includes a test method for cyclic and part-load performance, methods for interpolating and extrapolating test data, and calculation procedures for establishing seasonal performance. The 2017 revision of the standard focuses on improving mandatory language, incorporating SI units, and making quality improvements to figures and tables. The revision also adopts the 2013 Department of Energy change to the procedure section, allowing for the optional procedures for condensing equipment to be extended to two-stage modulating controls.

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PDF Pages PDF Title
1 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 103-2017
3 CONTENTS
4 1. PURPOSE
2. SCOPE
2.1 This standard includes
2.2 This standard applies to central furnaces with inputs less than 225,000 Btu/h (65.92 kW) and boilers with inputs less than 300,000 Btu/h (87.90 kW), having gas, oil, or electric input, and intended for use in residential applications. This standa…
2.3 The procedures are intended to be used to compare energy consumption measures of various furnace and boiler models. They are not intended to provide an absolute measure of performance in any specific installation configuration, as the effects of …
3. DEFINITIONS
6 4. CLASSIFICATIONS
4.1 Product
4.2 Heating Medium
4.3 Circulation
4.4 Energy Source
4.5 Burner Type
4.6 Ignition
7 4.7 Draft Equipment
4.8 off-Cycle Devices
4.9 Installation
4.10 Flue Gas
4.11 Control
5. REQUIREMENTS
6. INSTRUMENTS
6.1 General. All instruments shall be in working order and calibrated periodically. Records of periodic calibration shall be kept and shall contain, at a minimum, the date of calibration, method of calibration, and reference standard used.
6.2 Temperature
6.3 Pressure. Instruments for measuring gas, oil, air, water, and steam pressure shall be calibrated so that the error is no greater than the following:
6.4 Draft. Draft gages shall have an accuracy of ±0.005 in. of water (1.25 Pa). Minimum divisions on the draft gage shall be 0.005 in. of water (1.25 Pa).
6.5 Combustion Products. Stack and flue carbon dioxide (CO2) shall be determined with an instrument providing a reading with an error no greater than ±0.1 percentage points.
6.6 Weight or Volume. The error associated with the measuring instruments shall not exceed ±0.5% of the quantity measured.
6.7 Time. The error associated with timing instruments shall not exceed ±0.5 seconds/h.
6.8 Smoke. Smoke measuring instruments shall comply with requirements for smoke meters as outlined in ASTM D21561.
6.9 Tracer Gas Mass Flow Rate. The instruments used to measure the tracer gas mass flow rate shall have an accuracy of ±2% of the value of the concentration measured.
6.10 Energy Flow Rate
6.11 Higher Heating Value
7. APPARATUS
7.1 General. Furnaces and boilers shall be installed in the test room in accordance with their manufacturers’ instructions unless required otherwise by a specific method of test. The apparatus described below is used in conjunction with the furnace…
8 7.2 Furnaces
9 7.3 Gas and Oil-Fired and Electric Low-Pressure Steam and Hot-Water Boilers
7.4 Units with Integral Dampers. Dampers supplied with the furnace or boiler, which are in the burner inlet or in the flue passages and which are opened by fan power and closed by gravity or spring power, shall be installed in the location and manner…
7.5 Direct Vent Systems, Insulation Requirements. For direct vent systems that are not designed to significantly preheat the incoming air, only the first 18 in. (0.46 m) of vent pipe downstream of the furnace outlet shall be insulated with a layer of…
7.6 Thermocouple Grids. Thermocouple grids shall be constructed of either 5, 9, or 17 thermocouples of the type described in Section 6.2.2 and shown in Figure 10. The grid shall be in a test plane perpendicular to the axis of the test vent pipe. The …
7.7 Electrical Measurement See Figure 11.
7.8 Condensate Collection. Condensate drain lines shall be attached to the unit as specified in the manufacturer’s installation instructions. A continuous downward slope of drain lines from the unit shall be maintained. Additional precautions shall…
10 FIGURE 1 Duct and plenum arrangement for gravity central furnaces (including direct vent).
11 FIGURE 2 Duct and plenum arrangement for gas, oil, and electric forced-air central furnaces (including direct vent).
12 FIGURE 3 Test stack and flue for gas boilers and gas gravity and forced-air central furnaces equipped with draft hood or integral draft diverter: (a) vertical outlet, (b) horizontal outlet, (c) vertical outlet, (d) horizontal outlet, (e) jacket loss …
13 FIGURE 4 Test flue for direct vent and direct exhaust systems: (a) no preheat (horizontal outlet); (b) no preheat (vertical outlet); (c) preheat (horizontal outlet); (d) preheat (vertical outlet).
FIGURE 5 Test flue for oil fuel or power gas.
14 FIGURE 6 Suggested piping arrangement for hot-water boilers.
FIGURE 7 Suggested arrangement for steam boilers.
FIGURE 8 Suggested oil burner setup.
15 FIGURE 9 Suggested gas burner setup.
FIGURE 10 Thermocouple grid arrangements.
FIGURE 11 Suggested electrical arrangements.
16 8. METHODS OF TESTING
8.1 General. Furnaces and boilers shall be equipped with the apparatus described in Section 7, and the instrumentation described in Section 6 shall be set up for recording data. Refer to Figures 1 through 11 when equipping the furnaces and boilers wi…
8.2 Furnaces
TABLE 1 Characteristics and Pressures of Test Gases
17 8.3 Boilers
18 TABLE 2 Test Fuels for Oil-Fired Appliances
TABLE 3 Detailed Requirements for Fuel Oilsa
8.4 Test Requirements or Conditions
19 TABLE 4 Relation of Furnace Input to Minimum Static Pressurea for Performance and Rating Test Purposes (All Tests Performed without a Filter)
20 TABLE 5 Minimum External Static Pressure for Electrical Central Furnaces
8.5 Room Ambient Air Conditions
21 8.6 Jacket Loss Measurement. For units intended to be installed outdoors or in an unheated space (including isolated combustion systems), the jacket loss shall be determined by one of the following: (a) assigned the value of 1% or (b) a jacket loss t…
22 8.7 Direct Vent Systems
8.8 Methods for Determining Draft Factors DP, DF, and DS
TABLE 6 System Numbers (Informative Note: System 7, “Natural Draft,” is no longer used.)
23 9. TEST PROCEDURE
9.1 Steady-State Test, All Gas and Oil-Fired Units (except Electric). For units with two-stage or step modulating controls, the test shall be conducted at both the maximum and reduced inputs.
25 FIGURE 12 Test setup for measuring S/F for furnaces and boilers with barometric draft controls.
9.2 Condensing Furnaces and Boilers, Measurement of Condensate under Steady-State Conditions. For units with step modulating or two-stage controls, the test shall be conducted at both the maximum and reduced inputs. Begin a steady-state condensate co…
9.3 Electric Forced-Air Central Furnaces. Operate the furnace with the air quantity specified in Section 8.4.2.4 until the steady-state conditions are reached as indicated by a temperature variation of not more than 5°F (2.8°C) in the outlet air te…
26 9.4 Electric Boilers. Operate the boiler until steady-state conditions are reached as indicated by a temperature variation of not more than 4°F (2.2°C) in the outlet water temperature in three successive readings taken 15 minutes apart. Take three …
9.5 Flue Temperature Measurements Cool-Down Test
27 9.6 Flue Gas Temperature Measurements—Heat-up Test
9.7 Optional Tracer Gas Test Procedures for Determining Draft Factors DP, DF, and DS for Systems Equipped with Power Burners or Direct Vent and not Equipped with Stack Dampers
29 9.8 Condensing Furnaces and Boilers—Measurement of Condensate Heat Loss under Cyclic Conditions. For units with modulating controls, the following applies: (a) for step modulating units, the test is conducted at reduced input rate only; (b) for two…
TABLE 7 Average Burner on-Time and off-Time per Cycle for Furnaces and Boilers (Minutes)
9.9 Furnaces and Boilers Equipped with Stack Dampers
9.10 Optional Test Procedures for Condensing Furnaces and Boilers that Have no off-Period Flue Losses. For units having no measurable airflow through the combustion chamber and heat exchanger during the burner off-period, and having post-purge period…
10. NOMENCLATURE
32 11. CALCULATIONS OF DERIVED RESULTS FROM TEST MEASUREMENTS
11.1 Heating Seasonal Efficiency and AFUE for Electric Furnaces and Boilers. The heating seasonal efficiency for various types of electric furnaces and boilers (EffyHS-E) is determined as follows:
11.2 Heating Seasonal Efficiency, Steady-State Efficiency, and AFUE for Noncondensing and Nonmodulating Gas or Oil Furnaces and Boilers. Perform the following calculations to determine the steady-state and heating seasonal efficiency (EffySS and Effy…
33 TABLE 8 Fuel Characteristics and Parameters for Calculating Steady-State Sensible Heat Loss (LS,SS) and Steady-State Efficiency (EffySS)
43 11.3 Steady-State Efficiency, Heating Seasonal Efficiency, and Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency for Condensing Gas or Oil Furnaces and Boilers. Follow the calculation procedure specified in Section 11.2 with the modifications listed below.
45 11.4 Heating Seasonal Efficiency, Steady-State Efficiency, and AFUE for Noncondensing Modulating Gas or Oil Furnaces and Boilers. Perform the following calculations to determine the steady-state and heating seasonal efficiency (EffySS and EffyHS, res…
50 11.5 Heating Seasonal Efficiency, Steady-State Efficiency, and AFUE for Condensing, Modulating Gas or Oil Furnaces or Boilers. Perform the following calculations to determine the steady-state and heating seasonal efficiencies (EffySS and EffyHS, resp…
52 11.6 Optional Tracer Gas Procedure for Determination of DP for Furnaces or Boilers Employing a Power Burner or Direct Vent
53 11.7 Optional Procedure for Determining off-Cycle Draft Factors for Furnaces or Boilers Employing a Power Burner or Direct Vent
11.8 Procedure for Determining off-Cycle Loss Factor and off-Cycle Draft Factor for Atmospheric Furnaces or Boilers with Integral Draft Diverter or Draft Hood and Equipped with an Electromechanical Flue Damper or an Electromechanical Inlet Damper tha…
54 12. REFERENCES
55 INFORMATIVE APPENDIX A—REDUCING CALCULATION TIME IN SECTION 11
56 INFORMATIVE APPENDIX B—OIL/GAS/ELECTRIC FORMULAS FOR ENERGY FACTOR
57 INFORMATIVE APPENDIX C—CALCULATION OF FURNACE AND BOILER COMPARATIVE AVERAGE ANNUAL COST
C1. National Average Number of Burner Operating Hours
58 C2. Average Annual Fuel Energy for Gas or Oil-Fired Furnaces or Boilers
C3. Average Annual Auxiliary Electrical Energy Consumption for Gas or Oil-Fired Furnaces or Boilers
59 C4. Average Annual Electric Energy Consumption for Electric Furnaces or Boilers
C5. Average Annual Fuel Energy Consumption for Gas or Oil-Fired Furnaces and Boilers Located in Different Geographic Regions of the United States and in Buildings with Different Design Heating Requirements
C6. Average Annual Auxiliary Electrical Energy Consumption for Gas or Oil-Fired Furnaces and Boilers Located in Different Geographic Regions of the United States and in Buildings with Different Design Heating Requirements
60 C7. Average Annual Electric Energy Consumption for Electric Furnaces and Boilers Located in Different Geographic Regions of the United States and in Buildings with Different Design Heating Requirements
61 INFORMATIVE APPENDIX D—GUIDELINES FOR MEASURING OFF-CYCLE MASS FLOW USING THE TRACER GAS METHOD
D1. INTRODUCING THE TRACER GAS
D2. SAMPLING THE DILUTED TRACER GAS
D3. CALCULATING MASS FLOW RATES FOR DETERMINING DP, DF, OR DS
63 INFORMATIVE APPENDIX E—PLOTTED VALUES AND GRAPHS

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ASHRAE 103 2017
$37.38